稻田冬种复种模式的综合效益研究  

A Study on the Comprehensive Benefits of Multiple Winter-cropping Patterns of Paddy Field

作　　者：赵梅[1] 马艳芹[1] 兰延[1] 黄国勤[1] 杨滨娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2016年第1期198-206,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B14-01)~~

摘　　要：稻田耕作系统的效益由经济效益、生态效益和社会效益综合而成,对它的正确评价不仅在理论上,而且在生产实践上都具有重要的意义。采用层次分析法和综合指数法,建立评价因素指标体系,对稻田不同冬种复种模式的生态效益和经济效益进行综合评价研究。结果表明,2012年各冬种复种模式的综合效益指数大小依次为处理C(油菜/花生-稻)、处理E(蔬菜/花生‖玉米-稻)、处理B(绿肥-稻-稻)、处理D(马铃薯/玉米‖大豆-稻)、处理A(冬闲-稻-稻);2013年则综合效益指数大小依次表现为处理D(蔬菜/花生‖玉米-稻)>处理B(油菜/花生-稻)>处理E(绿肥-稻-稻)>处理C(马铃薯/玉米‖大豆-稻)>处理A(冬闲-稻-稻)。综合两年的结果来看,"油菜/花生-晚稻"和"蔬菜/花生‖玉米-稻"是综合效益较好的两个模式。虽然"蔬菜/花生‖玉米-稻"经济效益较好,但需要较多的劳动力,蔬菜种植又需要肥沃的土壤,因此此种模式适合在土壤肥沃、劳动力充足的地区推广应用;"油菜/花生-晚稻"模式中,油菜秸秆中富含氮、磷、钾等成分,其秸秆就地还田,有利于改善土壤和农田系统,提高后茬作物的产量;早稻改种花生,花生比水稻更具价格优势,能够增加农民收入;花生后种植水稻在兼顾经济收益的前提下保证农民的粮食需求,该模式兼顾经济效益、环境效益和社会效益,是值得推广的模式,但需要注意的是为保证晚稻生长时长,花生品种应尽量选择早熟品种。The benefit of paddy field cropping system includes the economic benefit,the ecological benefit and the social benefit,and the correct evaluation of it is not only in theory,but also in production practice. By using AHP method and comprehensive index method the index system of evaluation factors was established,and the ecological and economic benefits of different multiple winter-cropping patterns were studied. The results showed,the comprehensive benefit index of 2012 winter cropping pattern was in the order： Treatment C（ rape /peanut-rice）〉 Treatment E（ vegetable /peanut ‖ corn-rice）〉 Treatment B（ green manure-rice-rice） 〉Treatment D（ potato / corn‖soybean-rice） 〉Treatment A（ fallow-rice-rice）,while in 2013,Treatment D（ vegetable / peanut‖corn-rice）〉 treatment B（ rape / peanut-rice）〉 treatment E（ green manure crops-rice-rice）〉 treatment C（ potato / corn‖soybean-rice） 〉treatment A（ fallow-rice-rice） ombining the two-year results,the comprehensive benefits of＂rape / peanut-rice＂and＂vegetable / peanut‖corn-rice＂models were relatively good. But the＂vegetable /peanut‖corn-rice＂model although had good economic benefit,due to its need for more labor and fertile soil,it is suitable for the areas of the fertile soil and abundant labor. In the＂rape / peanut-rice＂model,rape straw contains nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and other ingredients,returning straw to the soil is conducive to the improvement of soil and farmland system,to the increase of crop yield; growing peanuts instead of growing early rice,thanks to its price advantage over rice,can increase the income of the farmers; after peanut harvesting,growing rice ensures the food needs.This model takes the economic benefits,environmental benefits and social benefits into account,hence worth extension.But peanut varieties should be early maturing so as to ensure the growth period of late rice.

关 键 词：冬季作物 复种模式 综合效益 稻田 

分 类 号：S5-33[农业科学—作物学]