四种三疣梭子蟹养殖系统的能值评价  

Emergy Evaluation of Four Portunus trituberculatus Aquaculture Systems

作　　者：班文波 田相利[1] 董双林[1] 张凯[1] 高明亮[1] 张东旭[1] 奉杰 张庆起 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]连云港市赣榆区海洋渔业技术指导站,江苏连云港222100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第3期31-40,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B03);山东省杰出青年基金项目(JQ201009)资助~~

摘　　要：为综合评价以三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)为主的不同混养系统的生态经济性能。本研究通过海水池塘陆基围隔养殖实验,收集苗种投入、人工、电能、饵料投入、产量、风能、雨水能、太阳能等基础数据;利用能值理论及分析方法,定量分析了蟹单养系统(C)、蟹虾二元混养系统的转换率(CS)、蟹虾贝三元混养系统的转换率(CSB)和蟹虾贝鱼四元混养系统(CSBF)4种三疣梭子蟹养殖系统的能流和物流特点;建立了能值评价指标体系,利用各能值指标综合对比了4种养殖系统对环境的影响及可持续性。研究表明:在太阳能值转换率方面,蟹虾贝鱼四元混养系统的转换单最低(3.65×106sej/J,P<0.05),蟹单养系统的转换单最高(8.72×106 sej/J)。在产出能值交换率方面,四元混养系统显著高于其它3种养殖系统(P<0.05),蟹虾二元混养与蟹虾贝三元混养系统之间无显著差异,蟹单养系统的转换单最低(1.34)。在环境负载率方面,四元混养系统略高于其它3种养殖系统(105.92),蟹单养系统最低(91.42)。在能值可持续发展指数方面,四元混养系统显著高于其它3种系统(P<0.05),蟹虾二元混养、蟹虾贝三元混养和蟹单养3个系统之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合比较表明,蟹虾贝鱼四元混养系统在环境负载率略高的前提下,获得了最低的太阳能值转换率和最高的产出能值交换率,能值可持续发展指数显著高于其他3种养殖系统。因此,虾蟹贝鱼四元混养系统是经济效益相对高、环境污染相对小的养殖模式,应该在生产中推广。This study was the first of introducing emergy analysis theory into land-based enclosure experimental system in ponds.To overcome the disadvantage of investigation and other ways of energy analysis,regional difference and base data inaccuracy were controlled to be not high.In this study,swimming crab（Portunus trituberculatus）,white shrimp（Litopenaeus vannamei）and short-necked clam（Ruditapes philippinarum）and fish（Liza haematocheila）were cultured in different polyculture combinations.Four combinations were designed,i.e.,the monoculture of crab（C）and polycultures of crab and shrimp（CS）,crab and shrimp and clam（CSB）,crab and shrimp and clam and fish（CSBF）,three repeats each.Both physical and monetary input and output data about the culturing processes were collected.Emergy analysis considering the economic aspect and the natural contribution through meaningful comparison across different systems had been proved to be a powerful tool of assessing the ecological economic systems and processes,especially in mariculture field.In this paper,energy analysis method was employed to evaluate the polyculture systems of Portunus trituberculatus.Transformity（TR）,environmental loading ratio（ELR）,emergy yield ratio（EYR）,emergy sustainable index（ESI）and emergy index for sustainable development（EISD）were selected to characterize the resource use,environmental impact and the overall sustainability of the four Portunus trituberculatus aquaculture systems.The results showed that the TR of CSBF was significantly lower than that of other combinations（P〈0.05）.In addition,the TR of CSBF was lower than that of fish farming systems in Nansi Lake Area（emergy evaluation and economic analysis of three wetland fish farming systems in Nansi Lake area）.The lower transformity indicated that the CSBF system had higher efficiency in energy conversion than fish farming systems in Nansi Lake area.The emergy yield ratio（EYR）for the two production systems was both very low and close to 1,

关 键 词：能值分析 三疣梭子蟹 混养系统 围隔 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]