我国综合性医院急性中毒流行病学现状分析  

Analysis of epidemiology of acute poisoning in the general hospitals of China

作　　者：赵倩[1] 洪广亮[1] 赵光举[1] 李萌芳[1] 吴斌[1] 支绍册[1] 邱俏檬[1] 卢中秋[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学附属第一医院急诊医学中心,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《临床急诊杂志》2016年第2期131-136,共6页Journal of Clinical Emergency

基　　金：浙江省医学创新学科建设计划(No:11-CX26);浙江省中医药重点学科计划(No:2012-XK-A28);浙江省"十二五"重点学科建设项目(No:2012-207)

摘　　要：目的：分析我国综合性医院急性中毒的流行病学特点,为今后制定急性中毒控制规划提供依据。方法：Meta分析2008-01-2015-05发表在中国知网、万方、维普数据库上的有关我国急性中毒流行病学文献。结果：有44篇文献进行Meta分析,共有52 666例中毒患者;男女比例1.08∶1。中毒高发于20-39岁（59.07%）。前4位急性中毒患者的职业依次为农民（29.19%）、员工（18.04%）、无业者（16.22%）、学生（11.24%）。中毒途径以消化道为主（78.59%）,地点主要在家中（53.01%）。中毒原因以无意接触毒物为主（53.90%）,其中有意中毒以自杀为主。毒物种类依次为药物（26.90%）、酒精（25.05%）、农药（22.03%）、一氧化碳（9.46%）、食物（7.08%）、其他毒物（6.32%）、鼠药（3.16%）。急性中毒病死率2.36%,死亡患者中以农药（57.41%）、一氧化碳（12.78%）、药物（11.24%）为主。结论：药物及农药中毒是急性中毒的重点,应加强对高发人群健康宣教,加强毒物监管及自我防护意识,并重视广大群众身心健康（尤其青壮年）。同时应完善中毒数据库,成立中毒控制中心,提高医务人员抢救水平,制定、完善各种中毒抢救流程,完善救治设备。Objective：To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning in the general hospitals of China,and provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of acute poisoning in the future.Method：Search the literatures related to acute poisoning in China from January 2008 to May 2015 which were identified through CNKI、Wanfang and VIP database,then summarize and analyze them.Result：Forty-four articles were selected for Meta-analysis based on inclusion and criteria,52 666 patients were reported in total;male to female ration was1.08∶1.Twenty to thirty-nine years old was the highest incidence age.The first four occupations of acute poisoning were farmers（29.19%）、employees（18.04%）、unemployed（16.22%）and students（11.24%）.Oral ingestion was the main route of poisoning（78.59%）,and the most often location was at home（53.01%）.Most patients with acute poisoning had no intention（53.90%）.Suicide was the main reason of patients with intention.The common poisons were medicine（26.90%）、alcohol（25.05%）、pesticides（22.03%）、carbon monoxide（9.46%）、food（7.08%）、the others（6.32%）、rat poison（3.16%）.The general fatal rate of acute poisoning was 2.36%.The common poisons of fatal poisoning were pesticides（57.41%）,carbon monoxide（12.78%）,medicine（11.24%）.Conclusion：Medicine and the pesticide are still the focus of acute poisoning.The health propaganda and education for poisoning high-risk groups and the supervision of poisons should be strengthened.More attention to the physical and psychological health should be paid（especially the young adults）.Meanwhile,we should improve the poisoning database,set up the poison control center,improve the level of medical staff rescue,formulate and perfect the rescue process of poisoning and improve the treatment equipments.

关 键 词：急性中毒 流行病学 META分析 

分 类 号：R595[医药卫生—内科学]