覆盖材料和沟垄比对土壤贮水量和燕麦出苗率的影响  

Effects of ratio of furrows to ridges and mulching material on soil water storage and emergency rate of oat

作　　者：任祥[1] 王琦[1] 张恩和[2] 王鹤龄[3] 刘青林[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省气候变化与减灾重点(开放)实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [3]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2016年第1期78-82,88,共6页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41161090)资助

摘　　要：试验在中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所定西干旱气象与生态环境试验基地进行,采用完全随机设计,研究不同覆盖材料(普通地膜、生物可降解地膜和土壤结皮)和不同沟垄比(60∶30cm、60∶45cm和60∶60cm)对燕麦土壤贮水量和出苗率的影响。研究结果表明,普通膜垄、可降解膜垄和土垄的土壤贮水量比平作分别提高8%,13%和15%,土壤贮水量随垄宽增加而增加。普通膜垄、可降解膜垄和土垄燕麦出苗率比平作分别提高8%,28%和33%,燕麦出苗率随垄宽增加而增加。普通膜垄、可降解膜垄和土垄的燕麦出苗期比平作分别提前1.1,3.9和5.2d,燕麦出苗期随垄宽增加而减小。普通覆膜、可降解覆膜和土垄可有效收集地面微降雨和地表径流,提高土壤含水量及贮水量,改善土壤水分状况,缩短燕麦出苗期,提高燕麦的出苗率。In order to improve soil water content and emergency rate of crops in the semiarid region in northwest China,a field experiment with a randomized complete block design was conducted in 2012 at Dingxi Arid Meteorology and Ecological Environment Experimental Station of Institute of Arid Meteorology of China Mete orological Administration.The experiment investigated the effects of different mulching materials（biodegradable mulch film,common plastic film,no mulching（compacted soil with soil crust））and furrow-to-ridge ratios（60cm∶30cm,60cm∶45cm and 60cm∶60cm）of rainfall harvesting cultivation with ridge and furrow on soil water storage and emergency rate of oat.The results showed that the soil water storage of oat under ridge covered with common plastic film（CMR）,ridge covered with biodegradable mulch film（BMR）and ridge with compacted soil（SR）planting were 8%,13% and 15% higher than that of traditional planting（TP）respectively,while the emergency rate of oat under CMR,BMR and SR planting were 8%,28%and 33% higher than that of TP respectively.In most cases,soil water storage and emergency rate of oat increased with the increasing of ridge width.The period of emergence under CMR,BMR and SR planting were 1.1,3.9and 5.2days slower than that of TP respectively,the emergence period of oat decreased with the increasing of ridge width.CMR,BMR,SR collected light rainfall and runoff from ridges effectively,improved soil water content and soil water storage,decreased emergence period and increased emergency rate of oat.

关 键 词：覆盖材料 沟垄比 燕麦 土壤贮水量 出苗率 

分 类 号：S544[农业科学—作物学]