不同杂交组合肉牛产肉性能比较分析  

Comparative Studies on the Meat Performances of Different Cross Combinations of Beef Cattle

作　　者：闫伟[1] 罗玉柱[1] 李少斌[1] 李文彬 宋积锁 朱建勋[1] 胡江[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院/甘肃省草食动物生物技术重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省平凉市畜牧渔业管理站,甘肃平凉744000 [3]甘肃省灵台县畜牧技术推广中心,甘肃灵台744400

出　　处：《中国牛业科学》2016年第1期18-22,共5页China Cattle Science

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1204NKCA082);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B10-5)

摘　　要：[目的]利用杂种优势是提高肉牛产肉性能的重要方式,而杂交组合筛选是杂种优势利用的关键环节。[方法]本试验选择10-12月龄利杂牛(利木辛♂×秦川牛♀)、西杂牛(西门塔尔♂×秦川牛♀)、南杂牛(南德温♂×秦川牛♀)、秦川牛和秦杂牛(秦川牛♂×本地牛♀)5组共26头牛集中肥育12个月后屠宰,比较分析不同杂交组合后代生长速度和屠宰性能。[结果]表明,利杂牛和西杂牛全期平均日增重分别为0.76Kg和0.78Kg,高于其它杂种牛和秦川牛但无显著差异(P>0.05)。利杂牛育肥12个月后体高和体斜长显著高于西杂牛,腿臀围显著高于秦川牛(P<0.05)。利杂牛屠宰率和净肉率分别为61.1%和44.4%,在5组肥育牛中最高。秦杂牛骨肉比显著低于利杂和南杂牛,南杂牛胴体产肉率显著低于秦川牛(P<0.05)。5组杂种肉牛胴体产出的高档肉比例无显著差异,而利杂牛、西杂牛优质肉比例最高且显著高于秦杂牛。[结论]综合分析表明,利木辛为父本、秦川牛为母本的利杂牛产肉性能相对最好,可作为较优杂交组合推广利用。【Objective】Use of heterosis is an important way to improve the performance of beef cattle meat,and hybrid combination selection is a key link in the process of heterosis utilization.【Method】Twenty six beef cattles（♂）at 10~12month divided into five groups including Liza group（Limousin♂×Qinchuan♀F1）,Xiza group（Simmental♂×Qinchuan♀F1）,Nanza group（Nandewen♂×Qinchuan♀F1）,Qinchuan group（♂F1）and Qinza（Qinchuan♂×Localcattle♀F1）were fed and slaughtered to analyze the performances of growth and slaughter after 12 months.【Result】These results indicated that the daily gain of Liza and Xiza cattle was 0.76 Kg and 0.78 Kg,respectively,which were higher than other hybrid cattle and Qinchuan cattle but there was no significant difference（P〈0.05）.The body height and body length of Liza cattle showed the significant higher than that of Xiza cattle（P〈0.05）,and the leg hip circumference of Liza cattle showed the significant higher than that of Qinchuan cattle（P〈0.05）.The slaughter rate and pure meat percentage of Liza cattle was 61.1% and 44.4% respectively,which were the highest in five groups.The ratio of bone to meat of Qinza cattle showed the significant lower than that of Liza and Nanza group（P〈0.05）,but the carcass meat yield rate of Nanza cattle showed the significant lower than of Qinchuan cattle（P〈0.05）.The ratio of high-grade meat percentage of five groups showed no significant difference,but the meat quality of Nanza and Xiza cattle showed significant higher than that of Qinchuan cattle.【Conclusion】In total,the Liza group（Limousin♂×Qinchuan♀）showed the better meat performances which could be used as a better promotion using hybrid combinations.

关 键 词：肉牛 杂交组合 生长速度 屠宰性能 

分 类 号：S823.2[农业科学—畜牧学]