5种蒿属沙生半灌木形态特征的比较研究  

A Research on the Morphology Differences of 5 Kinds of Sandy Semi-Shrub of Artemisia

作　　者：员艳丽 王铁娟[1] 郑星星[1] 魏小萌[1] 任文静[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（自然科学汉文版）》2016年第1期64-70,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31160130)

摘　　要：在实验室种植5种蒿属沙生半灌木,观察当年生5种植物的生长与形态的差异性,同时在野外对5种植物的成株进行观测与比较分析.研究结果表明：乌丹蒿（Artemisia wudanica）与白沙蒿（A.sphaerocephala）子叶背面及小茎的颜色均为浅绿色,木质化后茎杆均为白色,生殖枝茎中部叶的裂片宽度显著宽于其他3种,具有一定的相似性.但乌丹蒿第一对小叶、茎下部与中部叶的叶柄显著长于其他各种,株高明显较高;头状花序明显较大,球形,直径3~5mm,花序枝分2级,且排列为狭窄的圆锥状而区别于其他4种.白沙蒿生殖枝茎中部叶平展,多一回,叶片较小,叶柄与叶小裂片长度明显较短,但小裂片宽度却明显较宽;头状花序较大,近球形或卵圆形,果期时先端圆,花序枝分3~4级,且排列为大型开展的圆锥状而区别于其他种.黑沙蒿（A.ordosica）、褐沙蒿（A.intramongolica）与差不嘎蒿（A.halodendron）之间,形态特征均有一定的相似性,但褐沙蒿区别较为明显,主要表现在生殖枝茎中部叶2~3回羽状分裂,株高、丛幅明显低于其他各种,头状花序直径1.5~2.0mm,明显小于其他各种,支持它作为一个独立的种.差不嘎蒿与黑沙蒿形态相似,但两种植物茎中部叶的大小差异明显,差不嘎蒿明显较大,野外观察差不嘎蒿具较多匍匐枝条,匍地生长,长出不定根,不同于其他各种.Five kinds of sandy semi-shrub of genus Artemisia were planted in the laboratory,the morphological and growth differences of five species were observed and adult plant of five species were observed in the field.The results show：A.wudanicaand A.sphaerocephalahave a certain similarity,such as green back of cotyledon and the caulicle,white lignified stems,significantly wider lobule of the middle generative branch leaves.But the first couple leaves,petioles of lower and middle stem leaves of A.wudanicaare obviously longer than the other species,and higher height,larger and spherical capitula,3~5mm in diam,synflorescence narrow,2-branched,distinguished from the other four species by above characteristic.About the A.sphaerocephala,smaller middle generative branch leaves,mostly 1-pinnatisect,and unfolded,shorter petiole and lobule,but wider lobule width;larger and apex round capitula during the fruit period,nearly spherical or oval,synflorescence largely broad,3or 4branched,so different from other species.A.ordosica,A.intramongolicaand A.halodendron have certain similar morphological characteristics,but the A.intramongolicais more different in the middle generative branch leaves,2-or 3-pinnatisect,lower plant height and crown width,capitula most little,1.5~2.0mm in diam,so A.intramongolica could be as an independent species.The morphological characteristics of A.ordosicaand A.halodendronare very similar,however,but the middle generative branch leaves of A.halodendronis obvious larger than A.ordosica.By field observation,A.halodendron had more stoloniform branches,prostrate growth,grew out adventitious roots,different from other species.

关 键 词：蒿属 沙生半灌木 形态 生长 差异性 

分 类 号：Q949.783.5[生物学—植物学]