亚、欧、美洲男子职业足球运动员的相对年龄分布特征研究  

A research of relative age distribution of male professional soccer players in Asia,Europe and America

作　　者：解超[1] 金成吉[1] 张军[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学体育学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《辽宁师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期132-139,共8页Journal of Liaoning Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运攻关课题(2015HT082)

摘　　要：采用文献资料、数量统计、分析归纳法对亚足联、欧足联、南美足联和北美及加勒比地区足联下属13个国家426家俱乐部一线队注册的不同国籍、不同位置和不同年龄段8 959名男子职业足球运动员的相对年龄分布情况进行了研究,为我国建立完善的足球运动员选材体系提供帮助和启示.研究结果表明:13个国家中,除美国外,所有国家球员的出生日期均不同程度存在向选择日倾斜的现象.不同位置球员的出生日期分布也非常不均衡,1-3月出生的球员占比最大,分别为守门员(37.13%)、后卫(29.60%)、中场(30.86%)、前锋(30.78%).1980-1997年出生的7 663名球员中,1-3月出生的球员数要明显多于其他月份出生的球员数(P<0.01),说明足联比赛选择日的改变对球员的相对年龄分布具有巨大的影响.研究结论:我国应更新选材理念,引入先进运动员选材制度,采用以技术发展潜力为主导的选材模型,提高我国足球后备人才的成材率,使足球竞技水平提高到一个新的层次.426clubs of AFC,UEFC,CONMEFBOL,CONCACAF have been studied.The relative age distribution of 8 959 male professional football players in different nationality,different position and different age was compared,which can provide help and inspiration for our country to establish an effective selection system of football players.Results：in the 13 countries,all players＇ birth dates are uniformly distributed,except America.The birth dates of different position players are also imbalance.The number of players born in January to March is the most,goalkeeper（37.13%）,back fielder（29.60%）,midfielder（30.86%）and forward（30.78%）.7 663 players were born in 1980-1997,there is a significant increase in the number of players who were born January to March of 1989-1997.We should renew the idea of material by introducing advanced athletes material system and using technological development potential as dominant material model,to improve the yield of reserve football talents in our country,hence football sports level could raise to a new level.

关 键 词：相对年龄 选材 足球 职业运动员 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]