中国土地覆被类型空间分异的图谱分析  

Tupu Analysis of Spatial Differentiation of Land Cover in China

作　　者：廖顺宝[1,2,3] 岳艳琳 梁燕[1,4] 郑琰琳 蒋笑[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学环境与规划学院,河南开封475004 [2]黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室,河南开封475004 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心暨黄河文明传承与现代文明建设河南省协同创新中心,河南开封475001

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期114-124,共11页Journal of Fujian Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050000)

摘　　要：地学信息图谱以其独特的优势成为研究土地利用/土地覆被的重要手段,但目前利用地学信息图谱进行土地利用/土地覆被的研究多集中于土地利用类型转换、变化强度等方面,而对土地利用/土地覆被空间分布格局的研究很少.生成土地覆被类型随纬度、经度、海拔高程以及1°×1°格网的空间信息图谱,通过图谱分析发现:在6种一级土地覆被类型中,森林、草地、荒漠随纬度变化起伏较大;农田、聚落、水体、湿地随纬度变化相对较小.随经度的增加,森林、农田面积百分比逐渐上升;草地、荒漠面积百分比逐渐下降;聚落、水体、湿地无明显变化.随海拔升高,农田、聚落面积百分比逐渐下降;水体、湿地面积百分比逐渐上升;草地面积百分比先上升后下降;森林、荒漠面积百分比的变化大致呈"M"型.从东南到西北,面积占优的土地覆被类型出现了从森林-农田为主向草地为主再到荒漠为主的变化和过渡;聚落在东部沿海地区面积占优;水体、湿地在全国范围内无明显变化规律.最后,从气候、地形等自然因素以及社会、经济因素等方面简要分析了形成我国土地利用/土地覆被空间分异的主要原因.Geo-information Tupu is a kind of methodology for the research on LUCC due to its special advantages and features. Recently,scholars in the field of LUCC have made some achievements on the research of land-use type conversion and the intensity of the land use change by means of geo-information Tupu,etc. However,there are few researches on the spatial pattern of land cover with geo-information Tupu. Therefore,the study on the land-cover spatial pattern using geo-information Tupu is worth exploring. With the support of Arc Map software,a series of Tupu of the landcover spatial pattern,were explored using the land cover map of China in 2005 and DEM data.These Tupus included charts of change of land cover types with change of latitude,longitude and elevation,and maps of change of land cover types with elevation and a resolution at 1km by 1km. Thefollowing patterns of land-cover spatial distribution were then drawn from the Tupus： In these six land cover types,there was no significant change in farmland,settlement and wetland water body with the latitude increasing,while forest,grassland and desert changed a lot with the latitude increasing. Along with the increase of longitude,the area percentage of forest,farmland gradually increased while the area percentage of grassland,desert gradually decreased. Meanwhile,there was no obvious change for settlements and wetland water body. The area percentage of farmland,settlement gradually deceased with the increase of elevation,while wetland water body increased.The area percentage of grassland sharply declined after a period of stable increase. The change of forest and desert were more complex. Their variation trend can be roughly described as ＂M＂type.From the southeast to the northwest,dominant land cover types changed from forest and farmland to grassland to desert. Farmland distributed mainly in eastern coastal areas. There was no obvious change for wetland water body. Finally,causes for spatial differentiation of land cover were also examined and discussed.

关 键 词：土地覆被 空间分异 地学信息图谱 纬度 经度 高程 格网 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]