民主化的“再分配主义理论”辨析  

Debates on the Redistribution Theories of Democratization

作　　者：倪春纳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学马克思主义学院 [2]南京大学中国特色社会主义研究中心

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2016年第3期76-83,共8页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“国家治理体系现代化视域下的政党与社会关系研究”(2015ZDAXM001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：20世纪80年代开始,国外学者陆续从财富分配的视角来重新解读民主化,并形成了系统的"再分配主义理论"。该理论认为在经济不平等的社会中,不同阶级在再分配问题上存在着鲜明的对立与冲突,而民主制度能否建立取决于政治精英对民主化的态度选择。部分学者对这一研究路径进行了批判,认为"再分配主义理论"并不能有效解释全部的民主化案例,并对民主国家是否必然实行有利于广大选民的再分配政策提出疑问。同时还有学者指出该理论的分析模型存在诸多瑕疵,甚至进一步提出了相应的替代性解释。"再分配主义理论"谱系的学者对各种批评作出了回应,如最近提出的"金融一体化"、"不平等结构论"以及转型过程中的精英软弱等理论,试图为民主化的"再分配主义理论"进行辩护。Since 1980s, many foreign scholars have begun to interpret democratization from wealth distribution, and raised the ＂redistribution theories＂, claiming that there exists class conflict over redistribution and the establishment of a democratic system depends on the attitude of the politi- cal elites toward democratization. However, some scholars have argued that these theories didn＇ t ex- plain all cases of democratization in the world, and questioned the democratic regime is bound to im- plement the redistributive policies to favor the majority of voters. In addition, fewer scholars have pointed out that the redistribution model ignored some important elements, and even proposed some alternative explanations instead. ＂Redistribution theories＂ scholars have responded to the criticism and proposed ＂financial integration＂, ＂unequal economic structure＂ and the political weak of elites during a transition, to defend ＂redistribution theories＂ of democratization.

关 键 词：经济不平等 民主化 再分配 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学]