秸秆生物炭对菜地N_2O、CO_2与CH_4排放及土壤化学性质的影响  

Impact of Application of Maize Stalk-Derived Biochar on Soil Properties of and N_2O,CO_2 and CH_4 Emissions From Vegetable Fields

作　　者：贾俊香[1,2] 熊正琴[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]江苏省低碳农业与温室气体减排重点实验室/南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2016年第2期283-288,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室开放基金(2013003);国家自然科学基金(40971139;41171238)

摘　　要：通过盆栽模拟试验,探究玉米秸秆生物炭施用对菜地温室气体N2O、CO2与CH4排放及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,生物炭施用抑制了菜地N2O排放,NB1(施N 400 kg·hm-2,生物炭20 t·hm-2)和NB2(施N 400kg·hm-2,生物炭40 t·hm-2)的N2O累积排放量分别比N处理(施N 400 kg·hm-2)低76.4%和70.7%,但抑制效应并未随生物炭用量的增加而加强。生物炭施用增强了CO2排放,但对CH4排放影响不显著。NB1和NB2累积CO2排放量分别为N处理的1.8和2.1倍,不容忽视的是,这2种处理同时增加了土壤中有机碳含量,分别比N处理高15.2%与21.3%。NB1和NB2在不降低甚至提高蔬菜产量的基础上,提高了土壤中NH4+-N含量与p H值,降低了NO3--N含量。p H值和NH4+-N含量分别平均比N处理高0.265和34.9%,NO3--N含量平均比N处理低12.7%,因此生物炭具有减排N2O与改良菜地土壤质量的巨大潜力。但生物炭引起的CO2排放以及对土壤有机碳增加的净影响效应尚需进一步研究。A pot experiment was carried out to explore impacts of application of maize stalk-derived biochar on emissions of nitrous oxide （N2O） , carbon dioxide （CO2） and methane （CH4） from and soil physicochemical properties of vegetable fields. Results show that application of the biochar suppressed N2 O emission. Compared to Treatment N （N 400 kg ·hm-2 ）, Treatment NB1 （ N 400 kg · hm-2＋ biochar 20 t · hm-2 ） and Treatment NB2 （N 400 kg · hm-2＋ biochar 40 t· hm-2） decreased N2Oemission by 76.4% and 70.7%, respectively. But the effect did not increase with increasing application rate of the biochar. Application of the biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promoted CO2 emission, but did not affect much CH4 emission. The cumulative CO2 emission in Treatments NB1 and NB2 was 1.8 times and 2.1 times, respectively, as much as that in Treatment N. Application of the biochar increased soil organic carbon content, which was 15.2% and 21.3% higher, respectively, in Treatments NB1 and NB2 than in Treatment N. Meanwhile, application of the biochar in- creased the content of ammonium nitrogen and pH, and reduced the content of nitrate nitrogen while maintaining and even increasing yield of the vegetable. Soil pH and content of ammonium nitrogen was 0. 265 and 34. 9% higher in the field ap- plied with biochar than in the field without application of biochar, while content of nitrate nitrogen was 12.7% lower in the former than in the latter. So biochar has a great potential of decreasing N2O emission and improving vegetable soil quality. However, it still calls for further study to explore net effect of application of biochar on CO2 emission and soil organic carbon pool.

关 键 词：生物炭 菜地 N2O CO2 CH4 土壤化学性质 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]