沼液化肥配施对旱地红壤花生养分吸收分配和产量的影响  

Effects of Biogas Slurry and Chemical Fertilizer Application on N and P Uptake and Distribution and Yield of Peanut

作　　者：郑学博[1,2] 樊剑波[1] 崔键[1] 徐磊[1,2] 祝振球 何园球[1,2] 周静[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/中国科学院红壤生态实验站,江西鹰潭335211 [4]江西省科学院生物资源研究所,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2016年第2期332-337,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：农业公益性行业科研专项(201203050);国家自然科学基金青年基金(31201690);赣鄱英才555工程;国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD05B01;2012BAD05B04)

摘　　要：为明确最佳沼液化肥配施比例下旱地红壤花生产量、各生育期生物量积累变化规律及其对氮、磷养分吸收的规律,通过田间定位试验研究了相同N-P2O5-K2O（120-90-135 kg·hm-2）施用量条件下,不同沼液还田量（以总氮计）对花生各生育期生物量积累,氮、磷养分吸收以及产量的影响。结果表明,沼液还田处理产量较不施肥和单施化肥分别显著增加44.50%~55.70%和10.80%~19.40%,当沼液还田比例（以总氮计）达30%时产量最高,为3 588 kg·hm-2。相关分析发现沼液还田量（以总氮计,x）与花生产量（y）呈极显著相关,回归方程为y=-1.136 5x2＋59.112x＋2 988.3（R2=0.98,P〈0.01）。当沼液还田比例（以总氮计）达30%时,开花期、结荚期和收获期生物量积累较其他处理分别增加7.29%~56.69%、11.24%~100.44%和9.33%~62.17%;氮积累量分别增加16.58%~77.53%、4.99%~113.74%和1.81%~58.58%;磷积累量分别增加4.99%~113.74%、3.06%~127.18%和12.56%~62.17%。同时,该处理收获期籽粒中全氮、全磷积累量占总生物量总氮、总磷积累量的比例较其他处理分别提高3.27%~23.89%和2.72%~19.34%。可见,沼液还田比例（以总氮计）达30%时,一方面提高了开花期、结荚期和收获期植株对土壤中速效氮、磷的吸收,另一方面促进了收获期植株所吸收氮、磷向籽粒中的转移。因此,30%的沼液还田比例（以总氮计）显著提高了花生产量、各生育期生物量积累和植株对土壤中氮、磷的吸收利用,适宜在旱地红壤花生产区推广。Biogas slurry （BS）, derived from pig dung and urine, was applied in a upland field of red soil in Yujiang ofJiangxi in a field experiment to explore effects of BS on yield, biomass and N, P accumulation at each growth stage, aswell as fertilizer recovery rate of peanut. All the treatments, except CK,were the same in total N, P2 O5 and K2 O input（120-90-135 kg·hm-2）. Results show that the peanut responded significantly in yield to combined application of BS andchemical fertilizer（CF）, regardless of rate,with an increment of 44. 50%-55. 70% and 10. 80%-19. 40% as compared toCK and Treatment NPK, respectively. And Treatment BS30 was the highest in yield, reaching 3 588 kg · hm-2.Correlation analysis reveals that the relationship between yield（y） and BS input（x） fitted the equation of y =-1. 136 5x2 ＋59. 112x＋2 988. 3（R2 = 0. 98, P 〈0. 01）. Treatment BS30 was 7. 29% -56. 69%, 11. 24% -100. 44% and 9. 33% -62. 17% higher in plant biomass accumulation, 16. 58%-77. 53%, 4. 99%-113. 74% and 1. 81%-58. 58% higher inplant N accumulation and 4. 99%-113. 74%, 3. 06%-127. 18% and 12. 56%-62. 17%, higher in plant P accumulationthan all the other treatments at the flowering, pod？bearing and harvesting stages, respectively. Besides, Treatment BS30was 3？？ 27%-23？？ 89% and 2？？ 72%-19？？ 34%, too, in ratio of total N and total P in grains to total biomass N and P. Obvi？ously, when biogas slurry is applied at 30% of the total N input, the crop will take up more readily available N and P fromthe soil at the flowering, pod？bearing and harvesting stages, while transporting more plant？absorbed N and P to grains. Sothe practice will significantly increase yield of the peanut crop and N and P recovery rates of the plants at various growthstages. It is, therefore, held that the practice is worth popularizing in red soil areas for peanut production.

关 键 词：沼液 化肥 产量 生物量 氮、磷吸收积累 肥料利用效率 

分 类 号：S141.9[农业科学—肥料学]