厌氧氨氧化反应影响因素研究进展  

Research Progress in Influence Factor of Anammox Reaction

作　　者：陈重军[1,2] 冯宇[3] 汪瑶琪 喻徐良 王建芳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]苏州科技学院环境科学与工程学院,江苏苏州215009 [2]江苏省水处理技术与材料协同创新中心,江苏苏州215009 [3]北京市环境保护科学研究院固废污染防治研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第2期346-352,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51508366);江苏省高校自然科学基金面上项目(14KJB610008)

摘　　要：厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)反应是指在厌氧或者缺氧条件下,厌氧氨氧化微生物以NO_2^--N为电子受体,氧化NH_4^+-N为氮气的生物过程。厌氧氨氧化反应是自养型生物脱氮反应,该过程无需外加有机碳源,在高氨氮低碳源废水处理方面具有重要应用价值。然而Anammox菌生长缓慢,最大生长率0.002 7 h^(-1),倍增时间长达10~12 d,对生长环境要求近乎苛刻,成为Anammox工艺工程化应用的最大瓶颈。因此,Anammox反应的影响因素一直是该领域的研究热点。文章系统总结了Anammox过程的主要影响因素,其中包括反应器类型、污泥性质、填料等反应器条件,温度、p H值、氧气、电磁场等环境因子,以及有机物、氮素、磷酸盐、盐度、金属离子等基质条件对Anammox启动和运行的最新研究进展,认为p H值接近中性、温度30~35℃、避光、严格厌氧等环境条件下,以反应器、填料和颗粒污泥相结合,降低污泥流失,并给予合适的基质和必要元素,可促进Anammox的快速增长。该文为Anammox工艺的基础研究和工程化应用提供了参考,并认为今后在各影响因素的联系、功能基因改性及极端环境驯化等方面仍需要加强研究。As a nocel type of biological nitrogen removal technology, anaerobic ammonium oxidation （anammox） was a processwhich was driven by anammox organisms, oxidized ammonium to nitrogen gas using nitrite as the electron acceptor and utilize CO2as carbon source under anoxic conditions. Anammox has great application value on nitrogen removal from rich ammonium and lowcarbon resource wastewater, with no requiration of organic carbon resource. However, Anammox organisms grow very slowly, withthe maximum specific growth rate of 0.002 7 h-1 and the doubling time of 10~12 d. Therefore, the harsh growth environment of theAnammox process has become one choke point in its application. In the past, the research on influence factor of Anammox hasalways been a hot spot of the Anammox reactor. This paper reviewed the influence factors of reactors （eg. different types of reactors,sludge and carriers）, environmental factors （eg. temperature, pH value, oxygen and electromagnetic field） and inoculated substrates（eg. carbon resources, nitrogen, phosphorus, salinity and metal ions） for Anammox process, respectively. In a word, the Anammoxbacteria could grow rapidly with neutral pH value, temperature of 30 to 35 ℃, no light and strictly anaerobic condition, low loss ofsludge （reactor, filler and granular sludge regulation）, appropriate matrix and necessary elements, and so on. The article providedguidance for basic research and engineering application of anammox process. However, further researches are needed to understandthe contactation of influence factors, function gene modification and extreme environment acclimatization and so on.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 影响因素 反应器 环境因子 底物 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X1-1