稻秸好氧厌氧两相发酵工艺与产气特性研究  

Aerobic and Anaerobic Two-phase Fermentation Process and Biogas Production Characteristic of Rice Straw

作　　者：李文哲[1] 丁清华[1] 魏东辉[2] 罗立娜[1] 王庆庆[1] 王金秋[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学电气与信息学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第3期150-157,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：'十二五'国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD02B04);东北农业大学博士启动基金项目(2012RCB72);哈尔滨市应用技术研究与开发项目(2013RFQXJ094)

摘　　要：木质纤维素水解困难是制约秸秆沼气生产效率提高的主要因素,针对秸秆的木质纤维素难降解问题,提出湿法好氧厌氧两相发酵工艺。在中温37℃的条件下,水解产酸发酵容器不密封,采用搅拌供气、不供气的好氧水解方式,进行两相发酵实验。结果表明,好氧厌氧两相发酵工艺能够显著破坏稻秸的木质素结构,提高木质素降解率,其搅拌供气组的木质素降解率可达4.57%,而单相厌氧发酵结束时的木质素降解率仅为0.13%,两相发酵工艺的TS产气率可达到411.19 m L/g,较单相厌氧发酵高30%左右。表明好氧厌氧两相发酵工艺可有效降解木质素并提高产气率。The main factor of hindering straw fermentation is lignocellulose hydrolysis due to the shielding effect of lignin. The shielding effect of lignin stops the extracellular enzymes of microorganisms getting in touch with cellulose leads to hydrolysis of acid fermentation process slowly. So the key to solving the bottleneck of the anaerobic fermentation process of straw is to damage the lignin structure in the hydrolysis stage and promote the contact of hydrolytic bacteria with the cellulose and hemicellulose. The reproductive capacity of aerobic microorganism is much higher than that of anaerobic microorganism and the initial cleavage of lignin requires the molecular oxygen. So the aerobic and anaerobic two-phase fermentation process was put forward in order to improve the degradation rate of lignocellulose. The fermentation process was divided into aerobic hydrolysis fermentation and anaerobic methane fermentation in order to degrade lignocellulose of rice straw which was carried out at 37℃. Hydrolysis of acid fermentation tank was not sealed by stirring gas supply or non gas supply. The results showed that lignin structure of rice straw was damaged by aerobic and anaerobic two-phase fermentation and higher lignin degradation rate was obtained. Lignin degradation rate of the stirring gas group was 4. 57%,while degradation rate of lignin was only 0. 13% at the end of the single-phase anaerobic fermentation. The highest biogas yield of TS was about 411. 19 m L / g at the stirring gas group 30% higher than the singlephase anaerobic fermentation. Therefore aerobic and anaerobic two-phase fermentation process could effectively degrade lignin and increase biogas yield of TS.

关 键 词：水稻秸秆 沼气 木质纤维素 好氧厌氧两相发酵 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]