霸权国与其他主要大国关系研究--以二战后历史为例  

Typology of Relations Between Hegemons and Other Great Powers

作　　者：肖河[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2016年第3期44-73,157,共30页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：中美关系在一定意义上是其他主要大国与霸权国的关系,然而旨在处理这一关系的"中美新型大国关系"的概念却在实践中遇到困难。出现这种情况的原因之一在于学术界未能对历史上此类大国间的多样关系进行全面分析,也未能建立有效的分析框架。针对这一问题,作者尝试从政治、经济和安全政策三个维度,按照从"追随"霸权国到谋求与其"对等"地位的政策光谱来对其他主要大国的相关战略进行具体定位,并利用这一框架重新回顾了二战后除中美以外的四对主要大国关系。总体而言,美英关系因为英国在战后前期追求国际政治上的"自留地"而波折不断,美苏关系因为苏联在政治、安全上的对等政策而陷入不断强化的冷战对抗,美日关系则因为日本经济上的"半追随政策"而产生剧烈摩擦,相对而言只有德国在战后的政治、经济和安全战略上都选择了"接受现实"的追随策略,从而使得美德关系保持了长期高度稳定。这一案例的分析结果同时也从侧面印证了崛起大国挑战主导大国罕有成功先例、自英国真正获取世界霸权以来其"只能"和平转移的既有研究结果。The essence of Sino-U.S.relationship is the relation of hegemon and other great power,but the policy concept 'New Model of Major-Country Relationship',which designed to handle this relation,is not working well.The lack of comprehensive research on typology of hegemons and other great powers is one important reason of such failure.This article tries to classify these kinds of relations from the perspective of other great powers' interaction strategy, 'parity' or 'follow',toward hegemons in political,economic and security realms.Beside the general classification,this article also examines U.S.-UK,U.S.-USSR,U.S.-Japan and U.S.-Germany relations after WWII as detailed cases.In sum,UK had implemented parity policy in international politics and the bilateral relationship suffered from this attempt;USSR implemented a whole-scale parity policies and became an 'equal' enemy of U.S.;Japan had adopted a half-follow policy in international economic realm and brought in fierce economic conflicts between two countries;only Germany kept a highly stable bilateral relationship with U.S.by a comprehensive follow policy.And this article also tends to prove that rising power have never successfully challenged an established hegemon and the transition of hegemony could only be realized by peaceful means.

关 键 词：新型大国关系 霸权国 权力转移 崛起国 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]