中国各省的旅游增长方式“因地制宜”吗?——中国省际旅游增长要素贡献与旅游资源比较优势研究  

Can Comparative Advantage Theory Explains Tourism Growth Models of Chinese Provinces? An Inter-provincial Study on the Contribution of Production Factors to Tourism Growth and the Comparative Advantage of Tourism Resources in China

作　　者：罗浩[1] 颜钰荛 杨旸[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学管理学院,广东广州510275 [2]美国天普大学旅游与酒店管理学院,宾夕法尼亚费城19122

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2016年第3期43-53,共11页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"基于产业空间组织理论与空间计量方法的城市酒店区位与空间关系研究"(41171112);国家旅游局旅游业青年专家培养计划课题"旅游业增长方式;要素禀赋与经营绩效:中国省际比较研究"(TYEPT201439)资助~~

摘　　要：文章通过扩展新古典经济增长模型而构建包含旅游资源要素的旅游业增长模型,通过选取14类世界级、国家级旅游资源,采用德尔菲法确定各类资源的价值权重,测算出全国和各省历年的旅游资源综合指标。对各省旅游增长的因素分析发现,各省旅游增长方式可分为资本驱动型、劳动驱动型、旅游资源驱动型以及多要素组合驱动型等7类。其中,旅游资源驱动型省份主要位于西部地区,资本贡献大的省份大多位于东部和中部地区。为考察各省旅游增长方式是否"因地制宜",文章构造并测算了反映旅游资源相对禀赋的比较优势指标,将各省划分为旅游资源禀赋高、偏高、偏低、低4类。以旅游经济增长的旅游资源贡献率和旅游资源禀赋的比较优势在全国排序的差值,衡量各省旅游资源利用与其旅游资源禀赋的适宜性,将各省划分为旅游资源依赖过度型、旅游资源开发过度型和旅游资源利用合理型。在此基础上,提出各省旅游经济增长和旅游资源开发的未来方向。Since 1978, China has witnessed a burgeoning tourism growth. Compared to the literature on national economic growth and growth of manufacturing industry, very few research efforts have been allocated on tourism economic growth to disclose factors contributing to tourism growth. To our knowledge, the existing studies on the growth of Chinese tourism industry are based upon the framework of the traditional model of economic growth, limited to the studies of labor, capital and technological advancement, without considering the unique nature of the tourism economy and including tourism resource endowments. Some existing studies investigated the cross- provincial tourism growth pattern by simply calculating and classifying factors contribution rate of each province.This study is going to abridge these two research gaps. By extending the neoclassical growth model,this paper proposes a tourism growth model incorporate factor of tourism resource endowment. To obtain the values of tourism resource endowment in the model, the paper chooses fourteen types of topranked tourism resources, such as UNESCO world heritage sites, world geology parks, and national scenic spot of China. Using the Delphi method to determine the weights of each type of resources, we calibrate an integrated indicator as weighted sum of all type of tourism resource endowments. Next, we estimate the contributions of capital, labor, tourism resources and technological progress to the growth rate of tourism between 1991 and 2009 by an econometric model. The model results suggest that the growth of Chinese tourism industry heavily depends on tourism resource endowments. Technological advancement contributes little to the provincial tourism growth. In vast majority of provinces, the growth is driven by production factors such as capital, labor element and tourism resource endowment inputs. According to the differences in contribution rate of production factors, provincial tourism growth can be divided into seven patterns including capital- driven, labor- dri

关 键 词：旅游业增长 要素贡献率 旅游资源 比较优势 因地制宜 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]