新疆阿克苏地区棉田残膜污染现状分析  

Analysis of the Current Situations of Plastic Films Residue Pollution of Cotton Field in Xinjiang Aksu Area

作　　者：牛瑞坤 王旭峰[1,2] 胡灿[1,2] 侯书林[1,3] 鲁兵[1,2] 李俊宝[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅普通高等学校重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第2期283-288,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503105);国家自然科学基金项目(11162017)~~

摘　　要：【目的】调查分析新疆阿克苏地区棉田地膜残留量,为阿克苏地区棉田残膜污染防控提供数据参考和理论依据。【方法】新疆阿克苏地区棉田经过多年的覆膜栽培技术,土壤中地膜残留量较大。对该地区棉田地膜残留状况、残膜分布特点、影响因素进行调查,采用梅花采样法采样,按照不同耕层以及不同残膜面积分类统计。【结果】阿克苏地区棉田土壤中地膜平均残留量高达134.09 kg/hm^2,污染严重。残膜在土壤0~30cm耕作层中都有分布,三个层面(地表、0~12 cm、12~30 cm)中的残膜量依次约占总量的5.88%、44.92%和49.20%。残膜主要是以4~25 cm^2的大小存在于土壤中,土壤中残膜质量与残膜片数呈正相关关系。阿克苏地区各县与第一师各团场相比棉田地膜残留量较多。【结论】土地管理模式和农作方式是影响地膜残留量的主要因素,通过对阿克苏地区各县和第一师各团场对比表明,土地管理模式较好的地区棉田地膜残留量相对较少。【Objective】By the investigation analysis of plastic film residue of cotton fields in Aksu area of Xinjiang,the project aims to provide data reference and theoretical basis for the prevention and control of cotton film pollution.【Method】This study used the plum sampling method to collect samples and classified statistics according to different arable layers and different residual membrane area.【Result】Owing to the cotton fields being cultivated for many years in Aksu area of Xinjiang,a large amount of plastic film residues was found in the soil. By the investigation of residual situations,distribution characteristics,influencing factors of plastic film residue in this area,the result shows that the average residues of plastic film was up to 134. 09 kg /hm^2 in cotton field soil of Aksu area,and the pollution was very serious. The residual plastic films were distributed in the soil of 0- 30 cm arable layers,and the ratio of plastic film residue in three soil layers（ surface,0- 12 cm,12- 30 cm） respectively accounted for 5. 88%,44. 92% and 49. 20% of the totals. Plastic film residue was mainly in the size of 4- 25 cm^2 of the soil,and the relationship between of the contents of plastic film residue in soil and the numbers of plastic film residues was a positive correlation. The plastic film residues of cotton fields in each county of Aksu were higher than those in each regiment of the first division. 【Conclusion】The land management mode and farming practices are the main factors that are influencing the residual amount of plastic film and we can find that the plastic film residues of cotton fields in the area of the better land management mode are relatively small by the comparison between each county of Aksu and each regiment of the first agricultural division.

关 键 词：棉田 残膜污染 现状调查 

分 类 号：S36[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S562[农业科学—农艺学]