库尔勒香梨主产区土壤重金属污染评价及分布研究  

Evaluation and Distribution on Heavy Metal Pollution of Original Environment of Kuerle Pear in Xinjiang

作　　者：赵多勇[1] 郭庆军[2] 王成[1] 康露[1] 宋斌[1] 杨莲[1] 曹双瑜[1] 马磊[1] 卫阳[1] 李明慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所/农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(乌鲁木齐)/新疆农产品质量安全实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第2期332-338,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区科技支疆项目计划(201491117);国家博士后基金面上项目(2014M562484);国家果品质量安全风险评估专项(GJFP2015002);新疆自治区青年博士科技人才培养项目(2013731010);国家自然科学基金项目(41563002)~~

摘　　要：【目的】明确新疆库尔勒香梨主产区梨园土壤重金属残留水平及空间分布,并评价其安全性。【方法】以新疆库尔勒市、尉犁县、轮台县、库车县、沙雅县、新和县、阿克苏市、阿瓦提县等8县市香梨主产区为研究区域,采集86份梨园土壤（0~40 cm）,使用电感耦合等离子质谱法测定铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、砷（As）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、铜（Cu）6种重金属元素含量,运用风险评价法评价香梨主产区梨园土壤重金属污染程度及其风险大小,明确重点防控因子,采用普通克里格法分析香梨主产区土壤重金属的空间分布。【结果】8个县市香梨主产区土壤中6种重金属元素含量均低于国家标准中最大允许限量。土壤砷、铅、镉、铬、镍、铜单因子污染指数分别为0.442、0.22、0.33、0.18、0.444、0.12,内梅罗指数为0.47。【结论】从重金属污染等级来说,香梨主产区梨园土壤均处于安全级别;从风险控制的角度来说,6种重金属污染风险均在可接受的水平,风险排序由高到低依次为Ni〉As〉Cd〉Pb〉Cr〉Cu。[ Objective] This project aims to identify the level of the heavy metal residue in Xinjiang Korla Pear and its origin environment and to assess and analyze the safety of the level of residue. [ Method ] This experiment was conducted at Korla City, Yuli County, Luntai County, Kuche County, Shaya County, Xinhe County, Akesu City, Awati County, eight main producing areas of the Xinjiang Kuerle pear production. The total of 86 soil samples （0 -40 cm） were collected, then inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP - MS） method were adopted to determine the content of Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Cu in these samples respectively. The level of the pollution and the magnitude of the risk from heavy metal in origin environment （ including soil） was assessed by risk evaluation method. [ Result] The residues of Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Cu in soil from eight main producing areas were all below the maximum residue limit requirement of the national standard. Single factor pollution indexs of As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu in soil were 0.442, 0.22, 0.33,0.18, 0. A.4A., 0. 12, and the Nemero index was 0.47. [ Conclusion]According to the level of the heavy metal pollution, surface layer soil were all at safety grade. From the risk management angle, the pollution risk of Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Cu are all be accepted. The risk from high level to low level was Ni 〉 As 〉 Cd 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Cu.

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 土壤 重金属 污染评价 空间分布 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学] X825[农业科学—园艺学]