美国能源独立:动因、举措及影响研究  

The Study on the U.S. Energy Independence:Motives, Initiatives and Its Impact

作　　者：刘建江[1] 邹花兰[1] 唐志良[1] 

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2016年第2期116-125,共10页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"美国贸易逆差研究"(14FJL010);湖南省社会科学基金项目"湖南在开放型经济发展中补齐短板;创造优势的思路与对策研究"(13ZDA03);"美国再工业化与中国制造2025:异同性分析"(15YBA013);湖南省国际经济与工程管理研究中心与湖南省美国问题研究中心长沙理工大学研究基地(CASCL)

摘　　要：当前出于经济安全、制造业重振、环保及主宰世界政治经济格局的需要,美国能源独立上升到了一个新的战略高度。为此,美国采取了三大举措:一是实施节能与提高能效、拓展国内多元化交通体系的需求管理政策;二是实施扩大近海油气田与非常规油气资源开发、发展清洁替代能源的供给政策;三是实施技术支持与人才保障、资金投入、海外石油供应战略性收缩的保障性政策。通过多年努力,美国能源独立取得了石油对外依存度与能源逆差明显下降、国内石油需求量和人均能源消费量持续下降、能源体系不断优化等成效,推动美国实施淡化中东战略地位、重返亚太的全球战略大调整,并使全球能源格局面临重新洗牌。对此,我国需要从转变经济增长方式、加快完善石油战略储备体系、推动能源"走出去"战略等方面采取措施主动应对。In order to maintain economic security, revive manufacturing, and dominate the world political and economic structure,the United States energy independence is raised to a new strategic height. The United States has taken three major initiatives：Firstly,implementing the energy saving and improving energy efficiency and the domestic demand manage policies to expand domestic diversified transportation system;Secondly, implementing the expanding offshore oil and gas fields, unconventional oil and gas resources and clean alternative energy development supply policy; Thirdly,implementing the technical support and personnel protection,capital investment,strategic contraction of overseas oil supply security policy. Through years of efforts, American energy independence has achieved significant results：declining in oil dependence and energy deficit,domestic oil demand and per capita energy consumption; promoting the implementation of the United States in the Middle East Strategy; returning to Asia Pacific adjustment and since the implementation of energy independence strategy,the Global energy pattern is facing re-shuffle. Therefore,to deal with the challenges from American energy independence, we need to transfer the patter of economic growth, accelerate the improvement of the strategic petroleum reserve system, promote the＂going out＂strategy.

关 键 词：能源独立 新能源革命 经济复苏 制造业重振 全球能源格局 

分 类 号：F416.2[经济管理—产业经济]