林地覆盖对油茶果实生长的影响  

Effects of forestland cover on fruit growth in Camellia oleifera

作　　者：李婷[1] 王瑞辉[1] 钟飞霞[1] 廖文婷[1] 王湘南[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004 [2]湖南省林业科学院国家油茶工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2016年第1期123-128,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：教育部高校博士点基金项目(20124321110005);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2013B361);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2015B291);中南林业科技大学研究生科技创新项目(CX2015B10)

摘　　要：为给加强油茶林地旱期增湿保墒管理、确保油茶高产稳产提供技术支撑,选择‘湘林14’10年生油茶林,设置稻草覆盖（T1）、塑薄覆盖（T2）、无纺布覆盖（T3）和无覆盖（T4）4种处理,定期观测7~10月土壤水分含量和油茶果实生长情况。结果表明：林地覆盖能显著改善林地墒情,覆盖处理后平均土壤含水量比无覆盖20 cm土层提高8.4个百分点,50和80 cm土层提高1.8个百分点;果径、果高和果实体积的终值由高到低依次均为T1、T2、T3、T4,上述指标,T1分别为T4的108.5%、102.1%和120.1%,T1与T4的差异均达到极显著水平;油茶果径、果高和体积生长7月中旬~8月下旬为快速生长期（Ⅰ）,9月之后为生长后期（Ⅱ）。在整个生长进程中,果径、果高和体积值在多数时间内由高到低依次为T1、T2、T3、T4;油茶单果质量、单株产果数和单株产量由高到低依次为T1、T2、T3、T4,T1比T4单株产果高43.9%。试验结果表明,稻草在3种覆盖材料中效果最好。In order to provide some technical supports for improving moisture conservation management of C. oleifera forestland and keeping high and stable yield, taking 10-year-old forest of Camellia oleifera ‘Xianglin 14＇ as research subjects, four different treatments were set, including straw mulching（T1）, non-textile mulching（T2）, plastic film mulching（T3）, natural state（T4）. Soil moisture content and fruit growth status were regularly observed and measured from July to October. The results showed that cover could significantly improve moisture content in forestland, moisture content in 20 cm soil layer with forest cover were increased by 8.4% percentage point than that in natural state soil, and the indexes in 50 cm and 80 cm were increased by 1.8% percentage point. The order of the treatments from high to low were T1, T2, T3, T4, based on the terminal values of fruit diameter, fruit height and fruit volume, fruit diameter, fruit height and fruit volume in T1 treatment were 108.5%, 102.1% and 120.1% of the index values in T4 treatment, and the differences of the index values between T1 and T4 reached extremely significant level. The middle of July to the end of August was the rapid growth period（I） of fruit diameter, fruit height and fruit volume growth of C. oleifera, while the later growth stage（II） began from September. Based on fruit diameter, fruit height and volume from high to low, the order of the treatments was T1, T2, T3, T4 in most of the time of whole growth process. Based on single fruit mass, fruit number and yield per plant from high to low, the order of the treatments was T1, T2, T3, T4, and the yield per plant of T1 was 43.9% higher than that of T4. The results showed that the effect of straw mulching was the best in the three kinds of covering materials.

关 键 词：油茶 林地覆盖 土壤水分 果实生长 

分 类 号：S628.2[农业科学—园艺学] S794.4