不同农作区土壤轮耕模式与生态效应研究进展  

Research progress on ecological effects under the rotational tillage patternsin agricultural regions of China

作　　者：侯贤清[1] 李荣[1] 贾志宽[2] 韩清芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第5期1215-1223,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：宁夏大学引进人才科研启动基金(BQD2012007);国家青年科学基金项目(31301280)

摘　　要：适时进行不同土壤耕作措施的合理组配,形成与种植制度相适应的旱作土壤轮耕技术体系,以解决长期单一耕作措施所带来的诸多问题,在国内外已备受广泛关注。为深刻理解中国农作区土壤轮耕模式及其生态效应研究进展,就土壤轮耕的概念、轮耕模式及其土壤与作物生态效应进行了详细的阐述;在总结现有研究的基础上,归纳总结了不同农作区土壤轮耕模式的类型、作业效果及其机械选择;科学评价不同轮耕模式下土壤与作物的生态效应;指出了目前土壤轮耕技术研究中所存在的问题,并提出相应的建议。针对我国区域农作制的合理轮耕周期研究比较困难,综合国内外土壤轮耕的研究进展,提出土壤轮耕模式及技术体系今后的重点研究方向:(1)结合各区域主流种植模式,研究轮耕与轮作相结合的轮耕模式;(2)不同区域轮耕周期的确定与完善;(3)从技术上解决轮耕导致的土壤质量下降和作物减产的问题;(4)轮耕对土壤供肥与作物吸肥的影响;(5)加强轮耕模式及体系的技术评价、技术推广与配套技术的研究。The soil rotational tillage system with the proper match of different tillage practices could solve all the long-term and continuous single-tillage problems in agricultural regions. This method has attracted attention both at home and abroad.In order to understand the research progress on ecological effects under the rotational tillage patterns in different agricultural regions of China,in this paper,we review in detail the concept,patterns of rotational tillage,and the ecological effects of this system. According to existing data,we summarize the soil rotational tillage pattern types,operation effects,and mechanical choice in different agricultural regions. There is a need for scientific evaluation of the ecological effects on soils and crops under rotational tillage,and there are still a number of unsolved problems in the research on current soil rotational tillage technology; accordingly,we provided some suggestions. It is difficult to study the realistic cycle of rotational tillage;analysis of the research progress on the rotational tillage at home and abroad showed that the readily researchable areas and priorities in this field in China are the following：（ 1） in combination with mainstream cropping patterns for each agricultural region,the rotational tillage patterns that combine rotational tillage with crop rotation need to be studied;（ 2） the cycle of rotational tillage in different agricultural regions needs to be ascertained and perfected;（ 3） the problem of soil degradationand crop failures caused by the rotational tillage practice and technology has to be solved;（ 4） the effects of rotational tillage practice on soil fertility maintenance and absorption of fertilizer by crops need further research;（ 5） the research into the rotational tillage systems with respect to technology evaluation,technical popularization,and matching technologies needs more attention and funding.

关 键 词：农作区 轮耕模式 生态效应 研究进展 

分 类 号：S341[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]