濒危物种胡杨和灰叶胡杨的克隆生长特征  

Clonal growth characteristics of the endangered species Populus euphratica oliv and Populus pruinosa schrenk

作　　者：郑亚琼[1,2] 张肖[1,2] 梁继业[1,2] 李志军[1,2] 韩占江[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学植物科学学院,阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第5期1331-1341,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAC10B01);国家973计划前期研究专项课题(2012CB723204);国家自然科学基金项目(31260072)

摘　　要：研究不同生态环境条件下胡杨和灰叶胡杨横走侧根的空间分布及其形态特征、不定芽及克隆分株的数量格局特征及其与土壤水分的关系。研究结果表明:(1)16团3个生境中灰叶胡杨克隆分株所在横走侧根均分布在10—20cm的土层;阿瓦提混交林内灰叶胡杨和胡杨克隆分株所在横走侧根分布在20—40cm的土层;轮台县河道边胡杨克隆分株所在横走侧根分布在10—20cm的土层,林内胡杨克隆分株所在横走侧根分布在20—40cm的土层。不定芽、克隆分株所在部位横走侧根最粗,向两端逐渐变细,且远端根始终比近端根要粗;(2)不定芽具有以前期克隆分株为中心向两端延伸发生分布的空间格局特征,横走侧根上不定芽数与出土克隆分株数呈极显著正相关,未出土克隆分株数与出土克隆分株数呈显著正相关,说明不定芽、未出土克隆分株的数量都直接影响出土克隆分株的数量。(3)不定芽、未出土克隆分株和出土克隆分株出现频率、空间分布范围在同一生境同一根段均表现为不定芽>未出土克隆分株>出土克隆分株,在不同研究区表现为16团(地下水位1.08m)>轮台县(地下水位2.56m)>阿瓦提县(地下水位3.34m);相关分析显示土壤水分含量与不定芽和出土克隆分株数量均呈极显著正相关。综合分析认为,地下水位和土壤含水量均对不定芽发生以及不定芽向克隆分株转化有显著的影响。Both Populus euphratica and P. pruinosa can spread through suckers along their horizontal lateral roots. Here,we studied the spatial distribution of horizontal lateral roots,their morphological characteristics,the number of adventitious buds and ramets,and their relation with soil moisture under different ecological and environmental conditions. The results showed that（ 1） the horizontal lateral roots from three habitats of P. pruinosa ramets are distributed within 10—20 cm of the soil layer; in a mixed forest of P. euphratica and P. pruinosa ramets,horizontal lateral roots are distributed within 20—40cm of the soil layer; in riverside P. euphratica ramets,horizontal lateral roots are distributed within 20—40 cm of the soil layer. The horizontal lateral roots are thicker where adventitious buds and ramets are growing.（ 2） Adventitious buds in early ramets are centered on extending spatial patterns toward the ends of the distribution; there is a clear positive correlation between the number of adventitious buds on lateral roots and the number of unearthed plants; the same is true of the relation between the numbers of trees not unearthed and unearthed,indicating that adventitious buds—not the number of unearthed ramets unearthed directly—affect the number of clonal ramets.（ 3） Adventitious buds—not unearthed ramets andunearthed-ramet frequency—adventitious buds not unearthed ramets unearthed ramets. As for the study area,the Sixteen Groups（ groundwater level 1.08 m） Luntai（ groundwater level 2.56 m） Awat County（ groundwater level 3.34m）. Correlation analysis showed that soil moisture content significantly（ positively） correlated with the number of buds and the number of unearthed ramets. Comprehensive analysis showed a significant influence of groundwater levels and soil water volume on the occurrence of adventitious buds; the latter are converted to ramets.

关 键 词：胡杨 灰叶胡杨 芽库 克隆分株 克隆生长 

分 类 号：S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种]