论家庭信托的历史发展及其当代价值  

On the Historical Development and Contemporary Value of Family Trust

作　　者：李有星[1] 杨得兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2016年第1期172-183,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划优势学科重大课题(14YSXK01ZD);温州大学金融综合改革协同创新中心资助项目"民间金融监管协调机制的模式创新研究";浙江省金融研究院AFR区域重点招标项目(ZD14002)

摘　　要：家庭信托是最早的一种信托形式,是人们运用用益方法处分土地这种家庭财产的产物。在用益制的结构中,委托人、受托人和受益人三者之间关联互动,构成土地用益关系的基本要素。在用益制发展的早期,普通法只承认委托人与受托人之间土地转让行为的法律效力,但受益人与受托人之间的用益关系仍属道德调整的范畴。衡平法兴起之后,才逐渐将受托人与受益人之间的关系界定为法律关系,后又以判例形式确认了"双重用益"的有效性,家庭信托由此产生。基于信托的财产隔离功能,设立家庭信托的家庭财产与委托人、受托人和受益人的其他财产相区隔,避免了财产混同和损失。家庭信托早期主要用于家庭财产安排,而在当今社会的价值则体现在家族财富和事业的传承上。土地财产管理是家庭信托的一种原始基础功能,信托机构可将其应用于我国家庭土地财产的管理。Family trust which stemmed from Use is the earliest form of trust.Originally,Use was a way of disposing of family land,in which sense that Use was designed and applied.Religion played a significant role in the popularization of Use.In the structure of Use,the relationship between the trustor,trustee and beneficiary was interactive,which constituted the essential elements of Use.The common law only admitted the legal effect of land transfer between the trustor and trustee in the early stage of Use.Nevertheless,the usufruct relations between the trustee and beneficiary were still adjusted in the scope of morals.After the rise of equity,the court of chancery gradually defined the relationship between the trustee and beneficiary as a kind of legal relationship.Thus the beneficial right of trustee was recognized by law.Later on,the validity of″use on use″was confirmed by judicial precedent.As a result,family trust came into being.The family trust was mainly used for the settlement of family property in the early days.In today＇s society,its value is reflected in the inheritance of family wealth and family business.As far as wealth inheritance is concerned,the risk isolation function of trust makes trust property separate from other property of the trustor and trustee,thereby avoiding the hotchpot.Some unfavorable factors would not affect the independent existence of trust property,such as the trustor＇s death,marriage and family changes.Hence,family trust makes the trust property under the steady control of trustee,which forms the foundation for the inheritance of family wealth.The continuation of family firm is the basic form of inheritance of family business.Nevertheless,there are considerable risks in the inheritance of family firm.In the model of family trust,although the equity may be reassigned,the family firm won＇t be broken up,and won＇t fluctuate greatly because of family changes,which ensures the integrity and stability of profitability and anti-risk ability.A tide of family inheritance will appear

关 键 词：家庭信托 用益制 法律结构 家族财富传承 家族事业 家庭土地信托经营 

分 类 号：F832.49[经济管理—金融学] D922.284[政治法律—经济法学]