由二维到三维——睾丸发育及精子生成研究方法的新选择  

Novel methods for studies of testicular development and spermatogenesis: From 2D to 3D culture

作　　者：张连栋[1] 李和程[1] 张同殿 王子明[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院泌尿外科,陕西西安710004

出　　处：《中华男科学杂志》2016年第3期258-263,共6页National Journal of Andrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81471446)~~

摘　　要：单一细胞成分的二维培养模型是研究睾丸发育及精子生成的重要方法,但由于相关细胞因子缺乏及生精小管三维构象的破坏,不能有效的模拟睾丸内环境,且较难完成完整的精子生成过程。近20年来,睾丸组织培养及睾丸移植等多种体外及体内培养模型的发展及优化实现了由二维到三维的转变,睾丸内龛境结构的维持或重构及培养条件的优化可较好的模拟睾丸内微环境,睾丸间质细胞、支持细胞及生殖细胞发育过程与体内类似,其中体外模型可将细胞悬液或组织块悬浮于空气-培养基交界处,在体外即可以模拟睾丸体细胞及生殖细胞正常的发育过程;体内模型可建立供体睾丸组织与受体下丘脑-垂体的关联,为精子生成提供内分泌基础。这为研究睾丸形成及发育、睾丸功能调节等提供了重要方法,并极大的促进了男性不育症治疗理念的进展,虽然上述各种方法仍有各自的局限性,但随着细胞及组织处理、冻存、解冻、移植等技术的进步,必将促进其临床应用并有较好的转化医学前景。The two-dimensional model of cell culture is an important method in the study of testicular development and spermatogenesis but can not effectively mimic and regulate the testicular microenvironment and the whole process of spermatogenesis due to the lack of relevant cell factors and the disruption of a three-dimensional spatial structure. In the past 20 years,the development and optimization of the in vitro model such as testis organotypic culture and in vivo model such as testis transplantation achieved a transformation from two- to three-dimension. The maintenance and optimization of the testicular niche structure could mimic the testicular microenvironment and cell types including Leydig,Sertoli and germ cells,which showed similar biological behaviors to those in vivo. Besides,the cell suspension or tissue fragment floats in the gas-liquid interface so that the development of somatic and germ cells is well maintained in vitro whilst the feedback linkage between grafted testis tissue and hypothalamus-pituitary of the host rebuilt in the in vitro model provides an endocrinological basis for spermatogenesis,which serves as an effective methodology to better understand the organogenesis and development of the testis as well as testicular function regulation,advancing the concept of treatment of male infertility. Although each of the methods may have its limitations,the progress in the processing,freezing,thawing,and transplantation of cells and tissues will surely promote their clinical application and present their value in translational medicine.

关 键 词：睾丸发育 精子生成 睾丸组织培养 睾丸移植 二维模型 三维模型 

分 类 号：R697[医药卫生—泌尿科学]