周年秸秆还田量对麦田土壤养分及产量的影响  

Effect of Amount of Annual Straw Returning on Soil Nutrients and Yield in Winter Wheat Field

作　　者：徐蒋来 胡乃娟[1] 朱利群[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学农村发展学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2016年第2期215-222,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B12);南京农业大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(SKCX2014001)

摘　　要：为揭示周年秸秆还田量对小麦高产优质栽培的影响机理,在大田条件下,设置稻麦秸秆均不还田(CK)、25%稻麦秸秆均还田、50%稻麦秸秆均还田、75%稻麦秸秆均还田、100%稻麦秸秆均还田、100%麦季稻秸还田、100%稻季麦秸还田等7个秸秆处理,经过三年田间定位试验,分析了周年秸秆还田量对三年麦田土壤养分及小麦产量的影响。结果表明,周年秸秆还田后三年土壤养分和有机质含量均不同程度地提高,且随秸秆还田量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,效果最好的还田量主要集中在50%和75%。其中,第一年以50%秸秆还田量对土壤养分和有机质含量影响最明显;到第三年以75%还田量影响最显著,土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量分别比CK提高了2.61%、4.05%、18.25%和5.90%。在前两年,不同秸秆还田处理对小麦均有增产效果,但在第三年,100%稻麦秸秆均还田和100%麦季稻秸还田处理略微减产。6个秸秆还田处理中只有50%稻麦秸秆均还田对小麦的增产效果在三年中均达到显著水平,增产幅度分别为11.23%、14.74%和14.29%。综合来看,50%稻麦秸秆均还田最适宜当地小麦高产栽培。To explore the influence of amount of annual straw returning on high yields and quality cultivation of wheat,a three-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different amounts of annual straw returning on soil nutrients and crop yields in winter wheat field.Seven treatments were applied with the gradient amount of 25%,50%,75% and 100% rice and wheat straw returning,100% amount of rice straw returning,and 100% amount of wheat straw returning,with nostraw returning as control.The results indicated that annual straw returning increased soil nutrient and soil organic matter content,which were first increased and then decreased with the increasing amount of straw returning and significantly elevated with the treatment of 50%and 75%.Fifty percent of straw returning was the best on soil nutrient and soil organic matter content in the first year,however,it changed to 75%in the third year,and increased by 2.61%,4.05%,18.25% and 5.90%,respectively,compared to control.In the first and second years,the wheat yields were increased by all the straw returning treatments.Nevertheless,the treatments of 100% both rice and wheat straw re-turning and 100% rice returning slightly decreased wheat yields.In addition,the treatment of 50%significantly increased wheat yields in the first,second and third years,by 11.23%,14.74% and14.29%,respectively.It is concluded that the treatment of 50% of straw returning is optimal in high yields and quality cultivation of local wheat.More systematic study on the suitable amount of straw returning is needed due to the long-term effects on soil fertility and crop yields.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 土壤养分 小麦产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318