家庭老年照料对女性劳动就业的影响研究  

The Impact of Informal Care on Employment for Women in China

作　　者：陈璐[1] 范红丽[1] 赵娜[2] 褚兰兰 

机构地区：[1]南开大学金融学院,邮政编码300350 [2]南开大学经济学院 [3]德州理工大学经济系

出　　处：《经济研究》2016年第3期176-189,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(13JZD005);教育部人文社会科学青年项目(14YJC790012);国家自然科学基金青年项目(C71001054);天津市哲学社会科学规划项目(TJYY13-048)的资助

摘　　要：本文基于1991—2011年"中国健康与营养调查"数据,采用面板数据和工具变量方法,实证检验了为父母公婆提供家庭照料对女性劳动就业的影响。研究发现,照料活动与女性的劳动参与率和提前退休决策之间存在内生关系;每周提供20小时以上高强度照料会使女性难以兼顾照料和工作,产生"门槛效应",劳动参与率显著下降7.31%;对于仍然劳动的女性,照料责任会使其每周减少劳动时间2.8—4.8小时;每月劳动收入减少7.21%;对于45—49岁的城镇女性,家庭老年照料并没有显著提升其提前退休的概率。此外,照料责任对劳动力市场供给的影响在居住安排和劳动力自身竞争力方面存在异质性。据此本文推断,家庭老年照料对于女性劳动力供给产生抑制作用。这些经验发现为今后我国制定家庭照料者支持政策及劳动就业政策提供了依据。Based on panel data analysis and instrumental variables methods, this paper used data from the 1991--2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey to examine the influence of informal care on labor market outcomes for a cohort of working-aged women. We found that potential endogeneity existed between caregiving and labor force participation and early retirement. Threshold effect existed for caregivers who provided more than 20 hours of caregiving per week. Hence, they were 7.31% less likely to be in the labor force participation. For earegivers who remained working, there was a significant 2. 8--4. 8 hours reduction in hours of work each week and were 34. 8% lower in wages than non-caregivers. For urban caregivers between 45--49 years old, caregiving did not significantly increase the probability of their early retirement. We found that substantial heterogeneity of the impact of caregiving on work. In particular, earegivers living with parents and without strong market competiveness were influenced much more strongly due to caregiving. Therefore, informal care might act as a disincentive to women＇s labor supply. These findings provide evidences for developing policies associated with health aging and employment.

关 键 词：家庭老年照料 劳动参与率 劳动收入 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理] F249.2[社会学]