德阳市3种林草模式下土壤动物群落特征  

The characteristics of soil fauna communities in three forest-grass patterns in Deyang,China

作　　者：吴韬[1] 冯茂松[1] 韩东苗 李文兵[1] 铁烈华 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,四川成都610000

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第3期495-502,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"长江上游低山丘陵区生态综合整治技术与示范"(2011BAC09B05);"水土保持与荒漠化防治"四川省高等学校重点实验室建设项目

摘　　要：为了解林草模式下土壤动物组成及群落结构特征,以核桃(Juglans regia)+紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、核桃+菊苣(Cichorium intybus)及核桃+鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)3种模式为研究对象,同时以纯核桃林模式作为对照进行土壤动物调查。结果表明,1)调查共获土壤动物303只,分属3门7纲17目,优势类群为线虫纲(Nematoda)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、蜱螨目(Acarina);2)林草模式下土壤动物表聚性明显,纯林模式下土壤动物个体密度土层分布表现为5-10cm>10-15cm>0-5cm;3)核桃+苜蓿模式下Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和密度-类群指数(DG)最高,纯林模式下密度-类群指数(DG)最低,但Pielou均匀度指数最高;4)核桃+苜蓿模式下虽然土壤动物个体数明显高于纯林模式,但在类群种类上却与纯林模式最为相似;5)4种模式中,核桃+苜蓿模式腐食性(Saprozoic)土壤动物种团比例最高。综合而言,3种林草模式均能有效增长土壤动物群落组成,尤其以核桃+苜蓿模式土壤动物群落丰富程度最高。This study was conducted to study the composition and community structure of soil fauna in three types of forest-grass patterns（Juglans regia＋Medicago sativa,Cichorium intybus and Dactylis glomerata）,and a pure Juglans woodland was applied as a control group in Deyang,Sichuan Province.The results showed that,A total of 303 specimens of soil faunas was found in this study,which were belonged to 3phylum,7classes and 17 orders.Of those,Nematoda,Hymenoptera and Acarina were the dominant groups.The soil fauna was found to gather on the surface of earth in three types of forest-grass pattern,while the order of soil fauna density was 5-10cm〉10-15cm〉0-5cm.In addition,the diversity of Shannon-Wiener index and DG（Density-groups）index of soil fauna was the highest in the J.regia＋M.sativa pattern while the lowest DG index in pure woodland that possessed the highest Pielou index;The J.regia＋M.sativa pattern has a significant difference to the pure woodland pattern in individual number of soil fauna,but on the area of species of groups are similar to the pure woodland pattern,and it had a highest proportion of Saprozoic fauna in four patterns.In summary,the three forest-grass patterns can enrich the composition of soil fauna communities,and highest abundant soil fauna was observed in J.regia＋M.sativa pattern.

关 键 词：林草模式 土壤动物 群落结构 同功能种团 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]