Surface Amendments Can Ameliorate Subsoil Acidity in Tea Garden Soils of High-Rainfall Environments  

作　　者：WANG Lei Clayton R. BUTTERLY CHEN Qiuhui MU Zhibo WANG Xia XI Yunguan ZHANG Jibing XIAO Xingji 

机构地区：[1]Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210032 China [2]State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 China [3]AgriBio, Centre for Agri-Bioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia [4]Suzhou Xiangcheng District Environmental Monitoring Station, Suzhou 215100 China

出　　处：《Pedosphere》2016年第2期180-191,共12页土壤圈（英文版）

基　　金：This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 41401336）, the Na- tural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China （No. BK20130105）, the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sci-ence （No. Y412201452）, and the Environmental Pro- tection Public Benefit Research Foundation of China （No. 201309036）. We thank the three anonymous refe- rees for their helpful comments.

摘　　要：Strongly acidic soils （pH 〈 5.0） are detrimental to tea （Camellia sinensis） production and quality. Little information exists on the ability of surface amendments to ameliorate subsoil acidity in the tea garden soils. A 120-d glasshouse column leaching experiment was conducted using commonly available soil ameliorants. Alkaline slag （AS） and organic residues, pig manure （PM） and rapeseed cake （RC） differing in ash alkalinity and C/N ratio were incorporated alone and in combination into the surface （0-15 cm） of soil columns （10 cm internal diameter x 50 cm long） packed with soil from the acidic soil layer （15-30 cm） of an Ultisol （initial pH -- 4.4）. During the 120-d experiment, the soil columns were watered （about 127 mm over 9 applications） according to the long-term mean annual rainfall （1 143 mm） and the leachates were collected and analyzed. At the end of the experiment, soil columns were partitioned into various depths and the chemical properties of soil were measured. The PM with a higher C/N ratio increased subsoil pH, whereas the RC with a lower C/N ratio decreased subsoil pH. However, combined amendments had a greater ability to reduce subsoil acidity than either of the amendments alone. The increases in pH of the subsoil were mainly ascribed to decreased base cation concentrations and the decomposition of organic anions present in dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and immobilization of nitrate that had been leached down from the amended layer. A significant （P 〈 0.05） correlation between alkalinity production （reduced exchangeable acidity - N-cycle alkalinity） and alkalinity balance （net alkalinity production - N-cycle alkalinity） was observed at the end of the experiment. Additionally, combined amendments significantly increased （P ~ 0.05） subsoil cation concentrations and decreased subsoil A1 saturation （P 〈 0.05）. Combined applications of AS with organic amendments to surface soils are effective in reducing subsoil acidity in high强烈酸的土壤(pH < 5.0 ) 对茶(山茶 sinensis ) 有害生产和质量。很少信息都不在表面修正案的能力上存在改善在茶花园土壤的心土酸味。A 120-d 温室列沥滤实验用通常可得到的土壤改良物被进行。碱的炉渣(作为) 并且器官的残余，猪粪肥(下午) 和在灰碱度和 C/N 比率不同的油菜籽蛋糕(RC ) 独自并且在联合被合并到土壤列的表面(0-15 厘米)(10 厘米内部的直径 &times;50 厘米长) 从 Ultisol 的酸的土壤层(15-30 厘米) 与土壤收拾行李(起始的 pH = 4.4 ) 。在 120-d 实验期间，土壤列被浇(在 9 应用上的大约 127 公里) 根据长期的平均数，年度降雨(1 143 公里) 和 leachates 镇定、分析。在实验的结束，土壤列被划分成各种各样的深度，土壤的化学性质被测量。有更高的 C/N 比率的下午增加了心土 pH，而有更低的 C/N 比率的 RC 减少了心土 pH。然而，联合了有的修正案独自修正案比也减少心土酸味的一个极有能力。心土的 pH 的增加主要被归功于到减少的基础阳离子集中和在溶解的器官的碳(文档) 和从修改的层被沥滤在下面的硝酸盐的固定在场的器官的阴离子的分解。一重要(P < 0.05 ) 在碱度生产之间的关联(减少的可交换的酸味 -N 周期碱度) 并且碱度平衡(网碱度生产 -N 周期碱度) 在实验的结束被观察。另外，联合了显著地增加的修正案(P < 0.05 ) 心土阳离子集中和减少的心土艾尔浸透(P < 0.05 ) 。联合应用就象表面的器官的修正案，土壤在在高降雨的区域减少心土酸味是有效的。在地条件下面并且在更长的 timeframes 上的进一步的调查被需要充分在改善理解他们的实际有效性在自然地发生沥滤下面的更深的土壤层的酸味政体。

关 键 词：Al saturation LEACHING NITRATE organic amendments organic anions pH soil acidity soil alkalinity 

分 类 号：S153.4[农业科学—土壤学] P457.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]