描写主义视域下英汉词典中的禁忌词语研究——以三部英汉词典为例  

Research of Taboo Words in English-Chinese Dictionary from the Perspective of Descriptivism——Taking Three English-Chinese Dictionaries as Examples

作　　者：金其斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳职业技术学院应用外国语学院,深圳518055

出　　处：《外国语文研究》2016年第2期14-21,共8页Foreign Language and Literature Research

摘　　要：近年来,词典编纂的理念已经从规定主义转向描写主义,从描写主义的视角对双语词典进行研究开始受到重视。本文以《英汉大词典》(第2版)、《新时代英汉大词典》和《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第4版)为个案,对三部词典中的禁忌词语从词目收录、释义、辞格标注和用法说明等角度进行描写性研究。文章指出,相比较而言,《英汉大词典》在禁忌词语的收录上比较全面,但在传达部分禁忌词语猥亵、低俗的语义特征以及对部分禁忌词语的辞格标注和用法说明上有待提高,需要向其他两部词典学习;《新时代英汉大词典》为禁忌词语附设的语用说明详尽得当,对语言学习者和词典使用者大有裨益;《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》辞格标注中所用的警示符号及"性别偏见"标注独具特色,值得借鉴。Lexicographical study has taken a turn from prescriptivism to descriptivism. The new approach has drawn increasing attention in bilingual lexicographical studies. From a descriptive perspective, taboo words in three dictionaries, including The English-Chinese Dictionary(the 2nd edition), New Century English-Chinese Dictionary and Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary(OALD, the 4th edition) are studied covering aspects such as their inclusion, equivalents, style labels and explanatory glosses. It is pointed out that among the three dictionaries, The English-Chinese Dictionary includes all the taboo words in question, but leaves some room for improvement in offering appropriate equivalents, style labels and explanatory glosses to convey the stylistic vulgarity and clarify the social attitudes toward these taboo words; and explanatory glosses in New Century English-Chinese Dictionary are highly commendable for its user-friendly approach. At the same time, the warning sign and label of'sexist'in OALD are of great benefit for dictionary users.

关 键 词：禁忌词语 描写主义 辞格 用法说明 释义 《英汉大词典》 《新时代英汉大词典》 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》 

分 类 号：H316[语言文字—英语]