1969年中美关系解冻研究——基于美国解密档案的考察  

America's Cognition Change and China-US Relations(January 1969-January 1970)——Based on the Study of Declassified Documents

作　　者：郎朗[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史系,北京100871

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2016年第2期129-139,共11页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：尼克松总统非常重视对华政策,上任伊始便指示相关部门研究美国的中国政策(NSSM14报告),并多次组织跨部门会议对NSSM14报告进行讨论,最终确定了"接触加缓和"策略。之所以做出这一策略,中苏关系变化与台湾问题具有相当重要的影响。中苏关系变化在中美关系中发挥着重要作用,面对中苏两国的分裂和对抗日益公开化,美国决定抓住这一难得机会,虽然力求在中苏之间采取中立态度,但是略倾斜于中国。在台湾问题上,美国不能完全接受中国关于"美国从台湾海峡和台湾撤军以及美国接受台湾是中国内政"的要求,但是为了推动中美关系的正常化,美国在台湾问题上做出让步与调整,极力限制台湾的军事力量以及向中国大陆挑衅。为了缓和中美关系,美国通过各种渠道表达改善中美关系的愿望,主动采取缓和中美关系的措施、放宽经济和旅行管制。对于美国的不断示好,中国给予了积极回应。经过不断地试探与磨合,中美之间的"小步舞"终于合上拍。1970年1月20日,第135次中美华沙会谈举行,掀开了中美关系解冻的序幕。Concerned with American policy to the People＇s Republic of China（PRC）,President Richard Nixon instructed relative agencies to study U.S.foreign policy to PRC（NSSM14）right after the inauguration.After several interdepatrmental meetings on NSSM14,they finally decided on the strategy of＂reduction of PRC＇s isolation and US-PRC conflict＂.Major reasons for that are the change of Sino-Soviet relations and Taiwan issues,the former playing a very important role in the relations between China and America.When faced with the split and open confrontations between Soviet Union and China,US seized the opportunity to present a neutral attitude towards both sides,yet slightly inclined to China.On Taiwan issues,America could not accept the PRC＇s claims that American must withdraw military troops from Taiwan and the Taiwan Strait and that Taiwan issues were PRC＇s internal affairs.But in order for the normalization of Sino-US relations,US made concessions and adjustments on Taiwan issues,strongly restricting Taiwan＇s military strengths and its attempts to provoke the China's Mainland.In order to ease the relations,America expressed its desires to improve the relations with PRC through various channels,and relaxed the controls in economy and travel.The PRC responded actively to such measures of America.The PRC and US finally found the same pace of＂small dance＂after many efforts.The 135 th Warsaw Talks of American and PRC were held on January 20,1970,which marked the prelude to the normalization of Sino-US relations.

关 键 词：尼克松 基辛格 台湾地区 中苏关系 中美关系 

分 类 号：D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]