新疆伊犁河周丛藻类群落结构及其水质生物学评价  

Community Structure of Periphyton and Biological Assessment of Water Quality in the Yili River,Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

作　　者：韦丽丽[1,2] 周琼[1,2] 谢从新[1,2] 牛建功[3] 蔡林钢[3] 李红[3] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心,武汉430070 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区水产科学研究所,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2015年第6期29-38,共10页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2012FY112700);华中农业大学大学生科技创新基金(2014190)

摘　　要：周丛藻类是新疆跨境河流土著、特有鱼类重要的基础饵料资源,研究其种群结构及评价水质,以保护该地区渔业资源与生态环境。2013年5、7、9、10月,在新疆跨境河流——伊犁河全流域选择8个样点,对周丛藻类群落结构进行了系统的调查分析。结果表明,伊犁河周丛藻类隶属5门41属145种,其中硅藻门种类数最多,113种(占77.9%),依次是蓝藻门14种(9.7%)、绿藻门13种(9.0%)、裸藻门4种(2.8%)和黄藻门1种(0.7%)。优势种主要为硅藻门的嗜盐舟形藻、偏肿桥弯藻、普通等片藻以及蓝藻门的皮状席藻等。研究期间,伊犁河周丛藻类的密度和生物量的均值分别为1331.7×106ind/m2、1908.5 mg/m2。Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的平均值分别是0.73、3.24、0.60和3.91。Pearson相关性分析显示,伊犁河周丛藻的密度与流速呈极显著的负相关,与总氮呈极显著的正相关,与水温、盐度、氟化物、总硬度、钙离子呈显著的正相关;周丛藻类的生物量与流速呈极显著的负相关,与水温、硝态氮、氟化物、总氮呈显著的正相关。基于生物多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener、Margalef、Pielou)、指示生物法与硅藻耐受性指数等方法的水质评价结果大体上一致,综合评价结果:昭苏解放大桥、雅玛渡和伊犁河大桥水质相对较差为β-中污型,其余采样点水质均处于较好状态为寡污型。整体上伊犁河流域水质趋于良好。Periphyton is the primary basal food source of the fish species indigenous to the cross-border rivers of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region（ northwest China）. The periphyton community is crucial for the fishery resources and characterizing the community structure is important for assessing the regional ecological environment.The periphyton community structure was investigated systematically in May,July,September and October of 2013 in the Yili River,originating in Mount Tianshan（ China） and eventually flowing to Lake Balkhash（ Kazakhstan）.The investigation focused on species composition,dominant species,spatial and temporal distribution and the biodiversity index. Water quality in Yili River was also evaluated,based on the biodiversity index,periphyton community structure and physicochemical factors. Periphyton samples for qualitative and quantitative analysis were collected at eight sampling sites located in the main stem of the Yili River and its three primary tributaries：（ 1） Linggongli,（ 2） 71 Great Bridge,（ 3） Qiao’erma,（ 4） Nileke,（ 5） Zhaosu Liberation Bridge,（ 6） Tekesisanxiang,（ 7）Yamadu and（ 8） Yili River Bridge. Physicochemical parameters were monitored included water temperature,transparency,depth,flow velocity,salinity,p H,conductivity,dissolved oxygen,total dissolved solids,total hardness,nitrate nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,fluoride,calcium ion,total nitrogen and total phosphorus. A total of 145 periphyton species from 41 genera and 5 phyla were collected and Bacillariophyta dominated（ 113 species,77. 9% of total species）,followed by Cyanophyta（ 14 species,9. 7%）,Chlorophyta（ 13 species,9. 0%）,Euglenophyta（ 4 species,2. 8%） and Cryptophyta（ 1 species,0. 7%）. The dominant periphyton species were N. halophila,Cymbella naviculiformis and Diatoma vulgare from Bacillariophyta and Phormidium corium from Cyanophyta. Periphyton densities in May,July,September and October were,respectively,1 177. 4 × 106,501. 8 × 106,1 812. 9× 106 and 1 669.

关 键 词：周丛藻类 群落结构 水质评价 多样性指数 伊犁河 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学] X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]