挖掘机铲斗挖掘过程的DEM仿真分析  

DEM Simulation Analysis of Bucket Digging Process for Excavators

作　　者：方自强[1] 胡国明[1] 李婉婉[1] 刘丽萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学工学部机械工程系,430072 [2]武汉大学工学部图学与数字技术系

出　　处：《工程机械》2016年第3期43-51,共9页Construction Machinery and Equipment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51575404)

摘　　要：利用离散元法对挖掘机铲斗挖掘过程中的颗粒运动形态与速度分布进行仿真分析,比较挖掘过程中铲斗填充量和能量消耗在不同铲斗张角、斗底弧半径和挖掘速度下的表现。对挖掘机铲斗模型进行铲斗运动轨迹的离散元仿真,仿真结果显示:当铲斗张角为50°、65°和80°时,铲斗填充量随铲斗张角的增加而增大,铲斗张角为65°的铲斗模型的能量消耗低于铲斗张角为50°和80°的铲斗模型的能量消耗;当斗底弧半径分别为0.16 m、0.32 m和0.48 m时,铲斗填充量随斗底弧半径的增大而增大,挖掘过程的能量消耗则随斗底弧半径的增大而降低;当挖掘速度分别为1 m/s、2 m/s和4 m/s时,铲斗填充量随挖掘速度的增加而降低,挖掘过程的能量消耗则随挖掘速度的增大而迅速增加。分析结果表明离散元仿真是分析挖掘机铲斗挖掘过程的一种有效方法,可为挖掘机铲斗几何结构的改进和挖掘过程工作参数的合理选择提供参考。Simulation and analysis were used to identify moving type and velocity of the chip grains during an operation of the digger bucket with a discrete element process,before comparing fill rates and power consumption in various bucket opening,bottom arc radius,and the bucket action under speed.It tells thru a discrete element simulation of the bucket model along its motion path that when the bucket opening angle is 50°,65°and 80°,respectively,the bucket fill rate will increase with the bucket opening increase.When the opening is 65° the model bucket power consumption rate will be lower than the bucket in 50° and 80° opening,respectively,when the bottom arc radius are 0.16 m,0.32 m and 0.48 m the fill rate will increase along with the radius increasing,respectively,while the power consumption rate will decrease with the radius increasing.When the digging speed is 1 m/s,2 m/s and 4 m/s,respectively,the fill rate will decrease with the speed increases,however,the power rate will rapidly increase with digging speed increasing.Analyses of the result show that such a discrete element process becomes an effective simulation to analyze the digging operation,as a reference for bucket improvements and digging data selection.

关 键 词：挖掘机铲斗 离散元法 颗粒 铲斗填充量 能量消耗 

分 类 号：TU621[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]