再论汉武帝晚年政治取向——一种政治史与思想史的联合考察  

Rethinking of the Political Intentions in the Late Years of Emperor Wu During the Han Dynasty——From the Angle of Political History and Intellectual History

作　　者：杨勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第2期155-169,199,共15页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：汉武帝朝政治的核心内容是对外持续的大规模征伐、对内实行各种兴利政策以及严刑峻法的酷吏政治,三者前后相续、迭为因果,构成了武帝政治三位一体的有机整体。因此论及武帝晚年政策转折必须以这三者为主要考察对象。然而根据这个整体看《轮台诏》,以至整个武帝晚年的政治态势,都不能得出武帝对其政治方略有根本转折的打算,更没有转向"守文"即转向儒家政治的意向。武帝去世六年后的盐铁会议才真正开启了政策转折及"守文"的有力呼吁。而从进一步对武帝朝后的霍光主政时代诸项内外政治方针转换的详细考察中更可以看到对武帝统治方略的调整是一个缓慢、复杂的过程。我们既不可否认《轮台诏》有重民生的调整倾向,在一定程度上开启了政策转折,但也要看到其远未完成这一过程。The core of the political affairs of Emperor Wu during the Han Dynasty were defined by large-scale outward aggressive conquests,various civil beneficial policies and brutal officials management with severe penal codes,which succeeded and acted as reciprocal causation to each other as well as constitute a three-fold organic whole.In this regard,these three factors must be seen as the key issues when the policy transformation in the late years of Emperor Wu is discussed.However,if The Edict of Luntai and the whole political situation at that time were studied from this perspective,we could not come to the conclusion that Emperor Wu had the intention of fundamentally shifting his political strategies,not to mention his will of advocating Shouwen,Confucian politics.It was the Salt Iron Meeting held six years after Emperor Wu's death(in 81 B.C.) that marked the beginning of the transition of his political strategies and powerful appeal to Shouwen.From the further study on the transformation of domestic and foreign policy-making of the subsequent Huo Guang administration era,we could find that it was a slow and tortuous process of adjusting Emperor Wu's political strategies.Thus,it could not be denied that The Edict of Luntai had the tendency of improving people's living standards and at the same time,we should also be aware that it was far from completing the whole process.

关 键 词：汉武帝 轮台诏 政策转折 盐铁会议 霍光时代 

分 类 号：K234.1[历史地理—历史学]