两种报春苣苔属(苦苣苔科)植物传粉生物学研究  

Pollination Biology Research of Two Primulina Species(Gesneriaceae)

作　　者：黄石连 王鸥文[3,4] 温放[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学生命科学学院,广东广州510642 [2]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006 [3]安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽芜湖241000 [4]中国苦苣苔科植物保育中心,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《北方园艺》2016年第6期64-69,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31260038;31460159)

摘　　要：以原产于广西阳朔的漓江报春苣苔(Primulina lijiangensis)和心叶报春苣苔(P.cordata)2种报春苣苔属植物为试材,从开花生物学、花粉活力和柱头可授性、花粉/胚珠(P/O)比率、访花昆虫种类和访花行为、杂交指数(OCI)以及繁育系统等方面对2种报春苣苔属植物的传粉生物学进行比较研究。结果表明:2种报春苣苔属植物花期长度相近,均约45d,心叶报春苣苔开花较早;前者单花周期短,花小,每花序花多,开花式样大;后者单花周期相对较长,花大,每花序花少,开花式样小;花粉/胚珠比率(P/O)分别为290.85±5.34和331.76±13.08;二者均为雌雄异熟(雄蕊先熟),柱头和花药存在空间隔离,可以避免自花传粉,但自交亲和,需要依靠传粉媒介完成异花传粉或自花传粉,传粉者黄纹无刺蜂(Trigona ventralis)扮演很重要的角色,相同的传粉者在不同的物种中表现出不同的传粉行为;二者OCI指数均≥4,为异交型,自交亲和,不存在无融合生殖现象,自然授粉结实率均低于人工授粉结实率,前者自然结实率高于后者自然结实率,二者自然结实率差异不显著。Pollination and breeding system of two species of Primulina（Gesneriaceae）,P.lijiangensis B.Pan W.B.Xu and P.cordata W.T.Wang,native to Yangshuo,Guangxi,were compared in this study.Flowering biology,pollen activity and stigma receptivity,P/O value,flower visitors and their behavior,outcrossing index（OCI）,and breeding system were determined.The results showed that the duration of the flowering period of two species was about 45 days,the latter one bloom earlier,the former had a shorter single flower period,smaller flower and more flowers in one inflorescence;the mean P/O value was respectively 290.85±5.34 and 331.76±13.08.The two species were protandrous and there was spatial separation between stigma and anthers,these could prevent self-pollination,but self-compatibility.Pollinator（Trigona ventralis）played a very important role in the process of pollination,the same pollinator had different behavior in different species.Their OCI≥4,xenogamy,self-compatibility,there were no agamospermy,natural setting lower than artificial setting rate,the former species＇ s natural setting was higher than the lateral one.No significant difference in the natural pollination maturing rate of the two species was found.

关 键 词：繁育系统 传粉生物学 漓江报春苣苔 心叶报春苣苔 

分 类 号：S682.15[农业科学—观赏园艺]