氮素穗肥对超级稻颖果发育及经济性状的影响  

Effects of panicle N fertilizer on caryopsis development and economic characters of super rice

作　　者：蒋琪[1] 许国春[1] 王强盛[1] 田晓雅 熊瑞恒 丁艳锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院/农业部作物生理生态与生产管理重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2016年第2期191-197,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：中央财政农业技术推广项目(TG(14)027;TG(14)013);江苏省科技支撑重大项目(BE2013355);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(14)4072);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2015]112;SXGC[2015]265;SXGC[2014]128;SXGC[2014]251;SXGC[2013]335)

摘　　要：[目的]研究氮素穗肥对超级稻抽穗期群体结构、颖果发育和成熟期穗部性状的影响,为超级稻高产高效施肥提供参考依据。[方法]以超级稻‘宁粳3号’和‘甬优12号’为试验材料,在相同氮素基蘖肥用量下设置0、60、120和180 kg·hm-2氮素穗肥用量,考查超级稻颖果发育变化,分析抽穗期水稻植株农艺性状和成熟期穗部性状。[结果]施用氮素穗肥可以增加水稻抽穗期叶面积指数、株高、剑叶叶长和顶部3叶叶基角和叶开角,并能够增加着粒密度、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数和枝梗粒数;顶2叶和顶3叶叶长、穗长随氮素穗肥用量的增加先增加后降低;施用氮素穗肥会降低一次枝梗和二次枝梗的结实率。强势粒颖果长度、宽度和厚度发育速度及其大小均高于弱势粒;120 kg·hm-2穗肥用量使‘宁粳3号’弱势粒和‘甬优12号’强弱势粒颖果长度、宽度和厚度增加;180 kg·hm-2穗肥用量抑制了‘宁粳3号’弱势粒和‘甬优12号’强、弱势粒颖果长度和宽度增加,对粒厚发育没有影响。产量与抽穗期叶面积指数、剑叶叶基角、顶2叶叶开角以及顶2叶叶长、顶3叶叶长呈显著或极显著正相关,强、弱势粒的千粒质量与粒宽、粒长呈显著或极显著正相关。[结论]氮素穗肥用量为120kg·hm-2时超级稻生育后期群体结构合理、穗部经济性状协调,有利于籽粒生长和产量提高;粒长和粒宽可以作为评价水稻千粒质量及产量潜力的形态指标。[Objectives]A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of panicle N fertilizer on population structure and caryopsis development quality at heading stage and panicle traits at maturing stage of super rice,so as to provide a reference basis for guiding the fertilization application for high yield and efficiency. [Methods]Taking‘Ningjing 3＇and‘Yongyou 12＇as experiment materials under the condition of the same amount of basic and tillering nitrogen,the experiment analyzed the caryopsis development changes,agronomic characters at heading stage,and panicle characters at maturing stage when treated with different amount of panicle N treatments. [Results]The application of panicle N fertilizer could increase leaf area index,plant height,flag leaf length,leaf basic angel and leaf drooping angel of the top three leaves at heading stage,also it could improve the grain density,the number of primary and secondary branches,and total grain numbers. With the increased application amount of panicle N fertilizer,the leaf length of the second and third leaves from the top,and the panicle length all firstly increased and then decreased,and the seed-setting rate of primary and secondary branches decreased. The length,width,thickness,development rate,and size of superior spikelets were all higher than those of inferior spikelets. 120 kg·hm^-2panicle N treatment could improve the caryopsis length,width and thickness of inferior spikelets of‘Ningjing 3＇and superior and inferior spikelets of‘Yongyou 12＇; 180 kg·hm^-2panicle N treatment could restrict the caryopsis length,width of inferior spikelets of‘Ningjing 3＇and superior and inferior spikelets of‘Yongyou 12＇,which had no influence on grain thickness. The yield took on a positive or obvious positive correlation with LAI,flag leaf basic angle,leaf length of the second and third leaf from the top,and the grain weight of the superior and inferior spikelets took on a positive or obvious positive correlation with grain width and length. [Conclusio

关 键 词：氮素穗肥 超级稻 颖果发育 经济性状 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S311