单音节动词非自主用法与消极结果义  

Non-volitional use of monosyllabic verbs and its negative-result meaning

作　　者：王楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2016年第2期228-240,256,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：现代汉语中有些单音节动词既有自主用法,也有非自主用法。自主用法产生的是预期的积极结果义,非自主用法出现的往往是非预期的消极结果义。同一个动词,产生积极结果义的自主用法与出现消极结果义的非自主用法不仅词义不同,在句法表现上也存在着明显的差异,应该属于不同的义位。目前的语文词典中普遍存在着忽略单音节动词非自主用法消极结果义的现象。本文通过对《现代汉语词典》第6版和《新华字典》第11版中单字的全面考察梳理,结合其他几部常见语文词典的释义,对现代汉语中单音节动词非自主用法消极结果义的概念、语义类型及相应的句法表现予以总结概括,并对一些语文词典忽略单音节动词非自主用法消极结果义的原因进行分析说明。A certain group of Chinese monosyllabic verbs have both volitional and non-volitional readings.With volitional reading it roughly means positive results in light of expectation,and non-volitional,the negative results.These two usages,not only different in semantics,have differing syntactic behaviors,and thus belong to different sememes.Based on a thorough survey of the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary(the Sixth Edition)and Xinhua Dictionary(the Eleventh Edition),this paper mainly investigates the non-volitional use of monosyllabic verbs and their negative-result meaning,and incidentally explains why certain dictionaries fail to noticethissubcategory of verbs.

关 键 词：自主用法 积极结果义 非自主用法 消极结果义 义位 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]