不同模式偏热环境对肉鸡氮代谢与生产性能的影响  

Effects of Constant and Diurnal Cyclic Moderate Temperatures on Performance and Nitrogen Metabolism in Broilers

作　　者：王雪敏[1] 彭骞骞 冯京海[2] 甄龙[1,2] 张少帅[2] 常玉[2] 周莹[2] 张敏红[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学农学院,河北省禽病工程技术研究中心,邯郸056021 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2016年第3期521-528,共8页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD39B02);中国农业科学院科技创新团队项目(ASTIP-IAS07);留学人员科技活动项目择优资助(C2013003014)

摘　　要：旨在研究恒温与昼夜循环温度对肉鸡氮代谢和生产性能的影响。试验选取192只22日龄健康爱拔益加（AA）肉鸡转入环境控制舱,随机分成4个处理（21、26、31、21/31℃）,每个处理6个重复,每个重复8只鸡（公母各4只）,试验共14d。试验第1、7、14天对肉鸡进行空腹称重,记录每日采食量,收集试验第1和第7天新鲜粪便,结合凯氏定氮法,分析恒温与昼夜循环变温对肉鸡生产性能、氮利用率和氮排放的影响。结果表明：1）31℃组肉仔鸡平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）显著低于21、26℃组（P〈0.05）,料重比（F/G）显著高于21、26℃组（P〈0.05）;试验1～7d、1～14d,26℃组肉鸡ADG、ADFI显著低于21℃组（P〈0.05）,F/G和21℃组无显著差异（P〉0.05）;与持续31℃相比,21/31℃昼夜循环组肉鸡ADFI显著升高（P〈0.05）,ADG和F/G无显著差异（P〉0.05）。2）试验7d,与持续21℃组相比,31℃组显著降低STP（P〈0.05）、显著升高SUN（P〈0.05）;与持续26℃组相比,21/31℃昼夜循环组显著降低STP（P〈0.05）。试验14d,与持续21和26℃组相比,31℃组显著降低STP（P〈0.05）。3）与21、26℃组相比,31℃组肉仔鸡氮利用率（NU）显著降低（P〈0.05）、单位体增重氮排出量（NEDG）和单位采食量氮排出量（NEFI）显著增加（P〈0.05）;试验7d,与持续26℃相比,21/31℃昼夜循环组肉鸡NU显著降低（P〈0.05）;试验14d,与21相比,26℃组NU显著降低（P〈0.05）,NEFI显著增加（P〈0.05）,与持续26℃相比,21/31℃昼夜循环组肉鸡NU显著降低（P〈0.05）,NEDG、NEFI显著增加（P〈0.05）。持续偏热处理（26、31℃）与21℃组相比,影响肉鸡氮代谢,并降低肉鸡生产性能;21/31℃昼夜变温与26℃相比,降低肉鸡氮利用率,增加氮排出量。The aim of this study was to research the effects of constant temperature and diurnal cyclic temperature on nitrogen metabolism and performance of chicken.One hundred and ninetytwo 22-day-old Arbor Acres broilers with the same health condition were randomly allocated to4 treatments in artificial climate（environment-controled）chambers（at the temperature of 21,26,31 and 21/31℃）.Each treatment contains 6replicates and 8birds for each replicate（4females and 4males）.The experimental lasted 14 d.All limosis birds in each replicates were weighted on 1,7,14 d of the study,respectively.Feed intake was recorded daily,fresh faeces on 1,7dwere collected and subsequently analysed by Kjeldah method in order to analyse the effects of constant temperature and diurnal cyclic changing temperature on growth performance,nitrogen utilization and emission of chicken.The results showed that：1）The average daily weight gain（ADG）and average daily feed intake（ADFI）of birds in the treatment of 31℃ were significantly lower than birds in treatments of 21 and 26 ℃（P〈0.05）,while the feed/gain（F/G）was significantly higher that of the 2treatments（P〈0.05）;Chickens in the treatment of 26 ℃ had significant lower ADG and ADFI when compared to the treatments of 21 ℃（P〈0.05）while there was no significant difference in F/G observed between the 2groups（P〉0.05）on 1-7and 1-14d;Compared to the birds in constant temperature at 31 ℃,the birds in diurnal cyclic changing temperature at 21/31 ℃ had a significantly higher ADFI（P〈0.05）without significant changes in ADG and F/G（P〉0.05）.2）On 7 dof this study,compared to the group of 21 ℃,STP of birds in group of 31 ℃ was significantly decreased（P〈0.05）,while SUN was significantly increased（P〈0.05）;STP of birds in diurnal cyclic changing temperature at 21/31 ℃ was significantly decreased（P〈0.05）when compared to the constant temperature at 26℃;On 14 dof experiment,compared to constant temperature at 21 and 26 ℃,

关 键 词：偏热环境 肉鸡 生长性能 氮代谢 

分 类 号：S831.4[农业科学—畜牧学]