广西主栽玉米品种苗期干旱胁迫及复水补偿效应研究  

Effect of Guangxi Main Cultivated Maize Varieties under Drought Stress at Seedling Stage and Its Water Compensation

作　　者：田树云[1] 文仁来[1] 何静丹[1] 苏月贵[1] 何雪银[1] 苏义成 黄开健[1] 张述宽[2] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院玉米研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院科技处,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2016年第3期479-485,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西农业科技成果转化项目(桂科转1346004-16);广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科重14121001-2-19);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目[桂农科2013YZ25;农成转201303(A)];国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2013GB2E100378);国家高技术研究发展计划(2011AA10A103);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD35B01);广西玉米创新团队项目(NYCYTXGXCXTD-07-B)

摘　　要：了解广西生产上主要种植的玉米品种桂单0810、正大619、迪卡008、琛玉969、桂单901的苗期耐旱性及其复水补偿效应,为选择耐旱品种提供科学依据。试验采用桶栽法,对这5个品种在苗期分别给予为期4、8、12、16和20 d的干旱胁迫,然后分别复水,以充分供水作为对照。结果表明：苗期干旱胁迫影响植株的形态建成,植株的最长根长度减少,总根数减少;冠长减少;最长叶片长度减少,总叶片数减少,死亡叶片数增加;穗长变短,穗粗变细,秃尖变长;穗重变轻。轻度干旱（4 d）后复水后可迅速得到补偿,以后随着干旱强度的增大,补偿能力越来越弱。5个品种中桂单0810的根系较发达,在各干旱胁迫强度下,根系最长,根冠比最大;穗长最长,秃尖最短,单穗粒重最重。干旱胁迫12 d内（轻、中度干旱胁迫）后复水,桂单0810果穗单穗粒重占同期对照的比例最大;干旱胁迫16-20 d（重度干旱胁迫）后复水,迪卡008果穗单穗粒重占同期对照的比例最大。5个参试品种中,桂单0810和迪卡008苗期干旱胁迫及复水补偿效应最强,其次为正大619,最差为琛玉969、桂单901。Five maize hybrids of Guidan0810, Dika008 ,Zhengda619, Chenyu969 and Guidan901 utilizing in Guangxi maize production area were investigated at seedling stage for drought stress and re-watering compensation effect to provide a scientific basis for the selection of drought-tolerant varieties. With petted culture,4 replications and sufficient water supply as control,the 5 maize hybrids of Guidan0810, Dika008, Zhengda619, Chenyu969 and Guidan901 were respectively exposed to 5 types of drought stress（ a period of 4 days,8 days, 12 days, 16 days ,20 days of drought stress）and re-watered after each drought stress. The results showed that the plants foundation of morphogenesis were affected by drought stress during seedling stage,langth of the longest root,total root number,crown length,length of the longest leaf blade,total leaf number, ear length, ear diameter and weight per ear were reduced ; Death leaf number and tip length were increased; The morphogenesis would be compensated quickly after re-watering through mild drought stress （with 4 days）, then, the compensation capacity became much weaker with drought stress much stronger. Among the 5 entries, Guidan0810 had the best developed root system,the longest root length, the largest root to shoot ratio,the longest ear length,the shortest tip length and the heaviest grain weight per ear at each drought stress treatment. Under condition of re-watering through mild and medium drought stress（ 〈 12 days） ,Guidan0810 had a larger ratio of grain weight through drought stress and re-watered to grain weight of cheek than Dika008. Under condition of re-watering through heavy drought stress（ 〉 16 days）, Dika008 had a larger ratio of grain weight through drought stress and re-watered to grain weight of cheek than Guidan0810. Among the 5 entries,guidan0810 and Dika008 had the strongest re-watering compensation capacity, Zhengda619 had the stronger re-watering compensation capacity, Chenyu969 and Guidang01 had the weaker re-watering compensation capacity.

关 键 词：玉米 干旱胁迫 复水补偿 苗期 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]