生物炭及其与化肥配施对灰潮土土壤理化性质、微生物数量和冬小麦产量的影响  

Effects of Biochar and Its Combined Application with Chemical Fertilizers on Physical and Chemical Properties and Microbial Quantity of Fluvo-aquic Soil and Winter Wheat Yield

作　　者：聂新星 李志国[1] 张润花[3] 汪霄[1] 顾炽明[1,2] 刘毅[1] 张过师[1] 陈防[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉植物园,中国科学院水生植物与流域生态重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]武汉市蔬菜科学研究所,武汉430065 [4]国际植物营养研究所中国项目部,武汉430074

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第9期27-32,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“生物炭对土壤钾素释放及生物有效性的调控机理研究”(41471242);“生物炭对设施菜地土壤重金属有效性和蔬菜品质的影响机制”(31201618);“生物炭施用对丹江口库区坡耕地水土与氮磷流失的影响机理研究”(41501313)

摘　　要：为弄清生物炭在灰潮土上的施用效果,促进生物炭的科学应用。采用田间试验,研究了空白对照(CK)、单施生物炭(B)、单施化肥(F)和生物炭与化肥配施(BF)4个处理对灰潮土土壤理化性质、微生物数量和冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明:B处理与CK相比,以及BF处理与F处理相比,施用生物炭均能显著提高土壤有机碳和速效钾含量,但对土壤容重、pH、碱解氮、速效磷的影响不显著;施用生物炭后土壤中的细菌和放线菌数量增加且在越冬期达到显著差异水平,但真菌数量表现出一定的降低趋势。与CK相比,B处理中的秸秆和籽粒干重分别增加6.8%和4.2%;与F处理相比,BF处理中的秸秆和籽粒干重分别提高4.4%和16.5%。因此,生物炭能有效改善灰潮土土壤理化性质,提高细菌和放线菌数量,且在一定程度上促进冬小麦产量的提高。In order to find out the application effects of biochar in fluvo-aquic soil and promote the scientificapplication of biochar, a field experiment with four treatments including control（CK）, only biochar（B）, onlychemical fertilizers（F） and biochar with chemical fertilizers（BF） were conducted to assess the effects ofbiochar and its combined application with chemical fertilizers on the physical and chemical properties of fluvo-aquic soil, microbial quantity of fluvo-aquic soil and winter wheat yield. Results showed that if the B treatmentwas compared with CK and BF treatment was compared with F treatment, both of the biochar applicationtreatments significantly increased soil organic carbon and available K contents, but had no significant effect onsoil p H, available P, bulk density and available N contents. The bacteria and actinomycetes quantity increasedafter biochar application and this increase was significant in the overwintering stage, while the fungi number showed a decreasing trend after biochar application. Compared to CK, B treatment improved the straw andgrain dry weight by 6.8% and 4.2%, respectively. Compared to F treatment, BF treatment increased the strawand grain dry weight by 4.4% and 16.5%, respectively. Therefore, the application of biochar could amelioratethe physical and chemical properties of fluvo-aquic soil, increased the bacteria and actinomycetes quantity aswell as the winter wheat yield to a degree.

关 键 词：冬小麦 生物炭 化肥 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]