三江平原不同年代大豆主栽品种粒茎比和主要病害抗性分析  

The Seeds/Stem Ratio and Major Disease Resistance of Main Soybean Cultivars of Different Eras in Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：郭美玲[1] 刘成贵[1] 李灿东[1] 王志新[1] 郑伟[1] 张振宇[1] 陈维元[2] 郭泰[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院,黑龙江绥化152052

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第9期66-70,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家大豆产业技术体系公益性专项"大豆产业技术体系佳木斯综合试验站建设"(CARS-04-CES05);国家科技支撑计划"北方早熟大豆新品种培育与扩繁"(2011BAD35B06-1-5)

摘　　要：为了研究三江平原不同年代大豆主栽品种粒茎比与主要病害（灰斑病、根腐病）的变化规律,选用不同年代18个同熟期的主栽品种为试验材料,采用田间小区试验方法,深入系统的开展研究工作。结果表明：随着年代的推进,粒茎比的变化趋势为逐年累加提高,变化幅度为0.44-0.88,极差为0.44,增长速度为0.73%,是品种产量提高的关键因素之一。品种对灰斑病抗性水平存在着较大的差异,抗病能力总体呈逐步增强的趋势,说明灰斑病危害得到了有效的控制。其中20世纪50、60年代品种均表现感灰斑病,70年代品种抗感交替过渡,到80年代以后的品种全部表现为中抗或抗灰斑病。品种对根腐病的抗性除个别品种（‘绥农4’、‘合丰45、55’、‘黑农48’）抗性水平突出外多数品种抗病性较差,抗病能力总体呈阶段性提高的趋势,其中抗病品种占22.22%,感病品种占77.78%。说明根腐病没有得到有效的控制,是当前育种与生产亟待解决的病害。In order to study the change rule of the seeds/stem ratio and major disease（the grey speck and rootrot disease） resistance of main soybean cultivars in Sanjiang Plain of different eras, 18 main cultivars ofdifferent eras with the same maturity time were selected as test materials and a field investigation wasconducted. The results showed that the seeds/stem ratio changing trend had been improved continually alongwith the years. The range ability was from 0.44 to 0.88 and the range was 0.44. The growth speed was 0.73%.So the seeds/stem ratio was a key factor for the increase of soybean yield. There were great changes on the greyspeck disease resistance level among different soybean cultivars. The disease resistance was enhanced,indicating that the harm of the grey speck disease had been effectively controlled. The soybean cultivars of the1950 s and 1960 s were all susceptible to grey speck disease and the cultivars of 1970 s were transition ones.The soybean cultivars after the 1980 s all had moderate resistance or resistance to grey speck disease. The soybean cultivars were all susceptible to root rot disease except individual cultivars（‘Suinong4＇,‘Hefeng45,55＇and‘Heinong48＇）. The root rot disease resistance showed a stage improvement trend. The resistantcultivars accounted for 22.22% and the susceptible cultivars accounted for 77.78%. This result showed that theroot rot disease had not been controlled effectively and needed to be solved in breeding and production atpresent.

关 键 词：三江平原 大豆主栽品种 粒茎比 灰斑病 根腐病 

分 类 号：S565.101[农业科学—作物学]