晋南冬麦区春霜冻发生特点及其对产量影响分析  

Spring Frost and Its Impact on Yield in Winter Wheat Area of Southern Shanxi

作　　者：李世平[1] 靖金莲[1] 安晓东[1] 阎翠萍[1] 刘玲玲[1] 黄丽波 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院小麦研究所,山西临汾041000 [2]山西省襄汾县农业委员会,山西襄汾041500

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第9期183-187,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山西省农业科学院攻关项目"小麦品种抗倒春寒性鉴定及栽培技术研究"(YGG1421);山西省科技攻关项目"小麦耐热基因的筛选利用及耐热品种选育"(20130311001-2)

摘　　要：为了明确晋南冬麦区春霜冻发生特点及对小麦的冻害影响,利用临汾市气象局1990—2015年3月下旬和4月上、中旬日最低气温及日最低气温旬平均值资料以及2012—2015年小麦区域试验产量资料,分析了晋南冬麦区春霜冻发生的特点及其对小麦产量的影响。结果表明:晋南冬麦区春霜冻发生频繁且严重,80%以上的年份都会受到春霜冻危害。3月下旬的最低温度对当地小麦后期产量的影响不大,但平均日最低气温与后期产量成正相关。春霜冻冻害主要集中在4月上、中旬。在春霜冻警戒期内4月上旬的最低气温与后期产量显著或极显著正相关,平均日最低气温与后期产量正相关或显著正相关。4月中旬最低温度和平均日最低气温与后期产量均呈正相关或显著正相关。In order to clarify the characteristics of spring frost and its impact on yield of winter wheat in winterwheat area of southern Shanxi, the ten days mean value data of daily lowest temperature in late March and earlyand middle April from 1990 to 2015 in Linfen were collected from Linfen meteorological bureau and the yielddata in winter wheat area from 2012 to 2015 were adopted, to analyze the characteristics of spring frost and itsimpact on yield. The results showed that the spring frost occurred frequently and severely in winter wheat areaof southern Shanxi, more than 80% of the studied years were affected by spring frost. The lowest temperature inlate March had little impact on wheat yield in late period, and the mean daily lowest temperature was positivelycorrelated with wheat yield in late period. The spring frost damage was concentrated in the early and middleApril. In alert period, the lowest temperature in early April was significantly or extremely and significantlycorrelated with wheat yield in the late period, and the mean daily lowest temperature was positively orsignificantly and positively correlated with the yield. The lowest temperature and mean daily lowesttemperature of the middle of April was positively or significantly and positively correlated with the yield.

关 键 词：小麦 春霜冻 冻害 影响 产量性状 

分 类 号：G237.5[文化科学]