中国农业对蜜蜂授粉的依赖形势分析——基于依赖蜜蜂授粉作物的种植情况  

Chinese Agriculture's Dependence on Bee Pollination: Plantation Status of Crops Depending on Bee Pollination

作　　者：孙翠清[1] 赵芝俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第8期13-21,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业部"现代农业产业技术体系(蜜蜂)"(CARS-45-KXJ20);中国农业科学院"科技创新工程"(ASTIP-IAED-2015-05)

摘　　要：研究旨在分析发达国家所担忧的因环境恶化造成的全球范围内野生授粉昆虫数量的减少,和人工饲养蜂群不明原因的消失,可能引发的未来蜜蜂授粉短缺现象是否将会发生在中国。收集整理1999—2013年近15年来中国依赖蜜蜂授粉作物的种植数据进行统计分析。研究得出中国六大类,32种依赖蜜蜂授粉作物的种植面积平均增长了14.7%,增长较快的牧草、大田瓜果、木本水果恰恰也是对蜜蜂授粉依赖程度更高的作物,此外设施农业的快速发展和作物种植集中度较高也无疑增加了农业生产对蜜蜂授粉的需求压力。蜜蜂授粉短缺现象虽尚未在中国发生,但农业生产对蜜蜂授粉的需求越来越大。建议政府在未来通过增加人工饲养蜂群数量,建立商业化蜜蜂授粉体系和鼓励种植户适量养蜂的方式预防未来增加的蜜蜂授粉需求压力。With the decline of global wild pollinators caused by environmental degradation and thedisappearance of managed bees for unknown reasons, developed countries are worried about the shortage of beepollination in the future. The aim of this study is to analyze if this shortage may happen in China. Statisticalanalysis was conducted based on the plantation data of crops depending on bee pollination from 1999 to 2013.Planting area of 32 kinds of crops depending on bee pollination in six categories increased by 14.7% onaverage. And forages, field melons and fruits and woody fruits with relative fast increasing planting area weremore depended on bee pollination. In addition, the rapid increase of facility agriculture and the high plantingintensification increased the demand pressure of bee pollination. Though the shortage of bee pollination has nothappened in China, the demand of agricultural production on bee pollination is stronger than before. So, it issuggested that the government should increase the amount of managed bees, construct commercialized beepollination system and encourage farmers to raise bees appropriately to prevent the possible bee pollinationshortage in the future.

关 键 词：依赖蜜蜂授粉作物 种植形势 蜜蜂授粉依赖形势 

分 类 号：F307.1[经济管理—产业经济]