正义与发展党修宪与土耳其民主政治的发展  

AKP's Constitutional Amendments and Development of Turkish Democratic Politics

作　　者：李艳枝[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学历史学院

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2016年第2期74-89,120,共16页Arab World Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"土耳其正义与发展党执政理念与实践研究"(13CSS020);国家社科基金重大项目"非西方国家政治发展道路研究"(15ZDA033)的阶段性成果;辽宁省高等学校优秀人才支持计划"土耳其葛兰运动研究"(WJQ2014005)

摘　　要：土耳其是中东地区民主化程度最高的伊斯兰国家,但运行至今的1982年宪法因强化总统权力、维护军方特殊权威、限制政党政治和公民权利自由而使土耳其民主政治呈现被监护的特征。正义与发展党上台后,推行的修宪举措包括:2004年宪法修正案弱化军方权力;2007年宪法修正案为总统直选铺平道路;2010年宪法修正案根据法治和多元民主原则重塑国家司法机构。土耳其正义与发展党的修宪实践努力突破以凯末尔主义为核心的民主框架的尝试,为构建多元主义的民族认同指明方向,证明了现代伊斯兰主义与民主政治的相容性,但由此造成的一党独大局面也成为土耳其民主化进程的悖论。Turkey is the most democratic Islamic country in the Middle East. The 1982 Constitution which is still in force is known for strengthening president's power,maintaining special authority of military,restricting the space of party politics and the freedom of civil rights,which makes Turkey authoritarian,statist and tutelary. When AKP came to power,it actively amends the 1982 constitution to break through the constitutional framework of tutelary democracy. The Constitution amendments in 2004 weakened military power. The Constitution amendments in 2007 paved the way for direct election for president. The Constitution amendments in 2010 aimed at restructuring the national judicial institutions according to the rule of lawand pluralism. Now,the AKP government is seeking a newdemocratic constitution. The AKP's constitution amendments aim to weaken the function of Kemalism and construct plural national identity. They also prove the compatibility of modern Islamism and democratic politics. Through a series of constitution amendments,AKP becomes a dominant party in Turkey,which embodies the paradox of Turkish democratization.

关 键 词：土耳其 正义与发展党 宪法修正案 民主政治 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]