医务人员血源性职业暴露调查  

Survey of Blood-borne Occupational Exposure in Medical Staff

作　　者：陈丽丽[1] 严艳清[1] 陈芙蓉[1] 曾义霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军第458医院疾病预防控制科,广州510600

出　　处：《解放军医院管理杂志》2016年第1期19-21,共3页Hospital Administration Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

摘　　要：目的分析医务人员血源性职业暴露的危险因素,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法对2013年1月—2015年4月45名血源性职业暴露医务人员进行汇总分析。结果职业暴露高危人群是护士和实习护士,占75.6%;30岁以下医务人员占82.2%;暴露地点主要在病房,占64.4%,以外科病区为主;暴露源以乙肝、丙肝、梅毒为主,占89.3%;单一暴露源占66.7%,两种及以上暴露源占22.2%。暴露类型主要是锐器伤,占93.3%;锐器伤以注射针头、输液针头为主,占76.2%,护士注射后回套针帽、输液后拨针、分离针头、抽血后拨针为高危环节,占64.4%;培训是降低职业暴露风险和规范管理的重要手段。结论加强重点人群、重点科室的职业安全教育;医务人员入职前乙型肝炎疫苗接种;使用安全、具有防护功能的护理产品;禁止分离注射器、输液器针头等是预防血源性职业暴露的关键。Objective To analyze the risk factors of blood - borne occupational exposure in medical staff, and provide evidence for prevention and control. Methods The relevant data from Jan 20i3 to Apr 2015 was re- viewed and analysed, Results Nurses and practice nurses were high -risk groups of occupational exposure （75.6%） ,medical staff under the age of 30 accounted for 82.2%. Ward was the main risk exposure site （64.4%） , giving priority to surgical ward. Over 89.3% of exposure sources were mainly hepatitis B and C and syphilis, Single exposure accounted for 66, 7% of all, two or more exposure accounted for 22.2%. Sharp injury were the main types exposed（93.3% ）, give priority to needles. Training was the important means for reducing the risk of occupational exposure and standardize the management. Conclusion Strengthening occupational safety ed- ucation in risk stuff and department, accepting hepatitis b vaccination in previous, and using care products with pro- tective functions were keys to prevent of blood - borne occupational exposure.

关 键 词：血源性 职业暴露 危险因素 

分 类 号：R197.32[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]