全球气候谈判中的知识产权问题——进展、趋势及中国应对  

On Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Global Climate Negotiations: Progress, Trends, and China's Policy

作　　者：蒋佳妮[1] 王灿[2] 

机构地区：[1]工业和信息化部国际经济技术合作中心 [2]清华大学环境学院

出　　处：《国际展望》2016年第2期21-39,共19页Global Review

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划"气候变化国际谈判与国内减排关键支撑技术研究与应用"(2012BAC20B04)的阶段性研究成果之一

摘　　要：长期以来,知识产权问题一直是《联合国气候变化框架公约》技术谈判的争议热点。发达国家与发展中国家、发展中国家之间围绕知识产权与气候有益技术的转让、知识产权是否应纳入气候谈判及知识产权具体利益等问题僵持不下。导致上述僵局的核心原因有三:一是作为知识产权既得利益者的发达国家维持并扩大了其在全球知识产权体系中的话语权;二是随着新兴经济体气候有益技术的发展,绿色产业的利益之争在全球范围内愈演愈烈;三是发达国家和发展中国家在气候变化领域的知识产权问题上的信任危机加剧。随着《巴黎协定》进入全面落实阶段,应对气候变化领域的知识产权问题将更加复杂。中国作为气候有益技术发展较快的新兴国家,在这一问题上有着独特利益,需要明确自身利益诉求的本质,并尽早从战略和策略上提出预案。The issue of intellectual property rights(IPR) has long been a hot topic in the technical negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Tracing the progress of the negotiations and all parties' positions show that deadlocks between the developed and developing countries, and even within the developing countries have been shaped, by the following questions. What is IPR's role in the climate related-technology transfer? Whether or not the climate negotiation is a proper forum for IPR issue? This article argues that three factors lead to these impasses. First, developed countries, as vested interest groups, maintain and expand its discursive power in the global intellectual property system. Second, with the rise of climate-friendly technologies in emerging economies, interest competition in the green industry has become increasingly fierce. Third, an IPR-related trust crisis is emerging between developing and developed countries regarding climate issues. As the Paris climate agreement enters the full implementation phase, it will be more complicated to address climate-related intellectual property issues. As a fast-growing country where climate-friendly technologies are thriving, China has special interests in IPR issues and needs to formulate related strategies and policies in this regard.

关 键 词：气候谈判 知识产权 技术开发与转让 中国应对 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系] P467[政治法律—政治学]