中国出口企业“生产率悖论”之谜——基于成本加成率视角  

An Analysis on Productivity Paradox of China's Exporters:Based on Firm's Markup

作　　者：林玲[1] 孙腾[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《西安财经学院学报》2016年第3期81-88,共8页Journal of Xi’an University of Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大攻关项目"后金融危机时代中国参与全球经济再平衡的战略与路径研究"(11&ZD008);国家社会科学基金项目"经济全球化背景下我国对外贸易利益分配研究"(11BJY113)

摘　　要：中国出口企业具有不同于异质性企业贸易理论的特殊性质。在De Loecker(2012)分析框架基础之上,引入工具变量控制模型的内生性问题,运用GMM2S、2SLS和LIML方法计算不同类型企业的成本加成率,从成本加成率角度考察了中国出口企业的异质性。实证研究发现:出口企业的成本加成率总体上大于非出口企业;综合考虑企业进出口状态时,进出口企业成本加成率最大,只出口企业成本加成率最小,这也意味着进出口企业生产率最高,只出口企业生产率最低。不同进出口状态企业的成本加成率存在巨大差异,这很可能是导致中国出口企业出现"生产率悖论"的主要原因。China＇s exporters have specially in contrast with heterogeneous firm trade theory. Based on the analytical framework of De Loecker（2012）, we introduce instrumental variables to control endogenous problem of the model and attempt to establish a theoretical model with firm heterogeneity, markups as well as the status of firm import and export. We calculate markups of different firms by using 2SLS（2 Stage Least Squares）,GMM2S（Generalized Method of Moment 2 Stage） and LIML（Limited Information Maxi- mum Likelihood）. The findings show that exporters have a higher markup than non-exporting firms. Di- viding status of Chinese firms into exporting and importing categories, the highest markup is recorded by firms with both exporting and importing activities. The lowest one is recorded by those pure exporting firms. It means that exporting and importing firms have the highest productivity and pure exporting firms are the lowest. Different kinds of firms markup exist big differences, it＇s may be one of the reasons behind the so-called productivity paradox of Chinese exporting firms.

关 键 词：异质性企业贸易理论 成本加成率 “生产率悖论” 进口与出口 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易]