青海小泊湖区沼泽化草甸、草甸和沙地的土壤酶活性  

Soil Enzyme Activities in Marshy Meadow, Meadow and Sands in Small Mooring Lake, Qinghai

作　　者：杨英[1] 耿玉清[1] 黄桂林[2] 赵恒毅[1] 周红娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083 [2]国家林业局调查规划设计院,北京100714

出　　处：《湿地科学》2016年第1期20-26,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：青海省生态系统服务功能监测与价值评估项目(2013-N-556)资助

摘　　要：为了探讨与高寒区沼泽化草甸及由其退化的草甸、沙地土壤中的有机碳、氮和磷转化相关的酶活性的变化机制,在青海湖流域小泊湖区的沼泽化草甸、草甸和沙地中,分别采集0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm深度的土壤样品,比较不同采样地土壤的理化性质、7种水解酶和酚氧化酶活性的差异,并分析土壤理化性质对酶活性的影响。研究结果显示,与沼泽化草甸相比,草甸土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维二糖酶、几丁质酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和甘氨酸氨基肽酶的酶活性分别下降了44.6%、47.1%、35.7%、66.9%和82.5%;相应的沙地土壤酶活性则分别下降了91.3%、79.4%、76.2%、79.1%和94.7%;草甸土壤酚氧化酶活性很高;各采样地土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维二糖酶、几丁质酶活性与水溶性有机碳、氮含量显著相关,土壤含水量和水溶性有机碳、氮含量能够解释不同采样地土壤肽酶活性的差异,硝态氮和有效磷含量能够解释不同采样地土壤磷酸酶活性的差异;土壤含水量、p H和水溶性有机碳对酚氧化酶活性影响显著。与沼泽化草甸土壤相比,草甸和沙地土壤中与碳、氮转化相关的水解酶的活性明显降低。This study aimed to investigate the variation of enzyme activities in the soils that relate to the transformations of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the marshy meadow, meadow and sands, which had degenerated from marshy meadow in Small Mooring Lake area, Qinghai. The sampling sites were chosen in marshy meadow, meadow and sands; and the soil samples were collected from the depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. The physical and chemical properties and the activities of seven types of hydrolytic enzyme（β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, glycine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase） and phenol oxidase of the soils were measured at all sampling sites.Furthermore, the effects of soil dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen on the enzyme activities were analyzed.The results showed that the activities of β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, glycine aminopeptidase in the soil of meadow decreased by 44.6%, 47.1%, 35.7%, 66.9% and 82.5%,respectively, relative to that of marshy meadow. In the soil of the sands, they decreased by 91.3%, 79.4%,76.2%, 79.1% and 94.7%, respectively. The highest activity of phenol oxidase was observed in the meadow.The results of stepwise regression indicated that soil dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen contents might drive the activities of β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase and glucosaminidase. In contrast, the water content,dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen contents in the soils might limit peptidase activity. The variation of phosphatase activity was well described by soil nitrate and available phosphorus contents. The phenol oxidase activity was significantly influenced by water content, p H and dissolved organic carbon content. The activities of hydrolytic enzymes in the soils that relate to the transformation of carbon and nitrogen significantly decreased when marshy meadow degenerated into the meadow and sands.

关 键 词：土壤酶 沼泽化草甸 草甸 沙地 水解酶活性 酚氧化酶活性 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]