闽江河口湿地土壤生物和非生物因子与水淹频率的关系  

Relationship between Biotic Factors, Abiotic Factors and Flood Frequency in Min River Estuarine Wetlands

作　　者：高灯州 章文龙[1,2] 曾从盛[3,2] 刘晴晴[1] 王志萍[1] 陈依婷 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350007 [2]福建师范大学亚热带湿地研究中心,福建福州350007 [3]湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室,福建福州350007

出　　处：《湿地科学》2016年第1期27-36,共10页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1210067)资助

摘　　要：以闽江河口湿地为研究区,于2013年5月20日、8月20日和11月20日,沿高潮滩到中潮滩,设置9个不同水淹频率采样地,采集土壤样品,测定土壤p H、电导率、容重、总有机碳含量和总无机碳含量,以及5月20日和8月20日的土壤氧化还原电位。同时,测定5月20日和11月20日采样地A、采样地E和采样地I的短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)地上和地下生物量,以及8月20日采样地A和采样地I的土壤微生物群落结构,探讨了土壤生物和非生物因子与水淹频率的关系。结果表明,植物生长初期,采样地A短叶茳芏地上生物量显著小于采样地E和采样地I(n=3,p<0.05),但生长末期,采样地A短叶茳芏地上生物量显著大于采样地I(n=3,p<0.05),采样地A短叶茳芏地下生物量都大于采样地I;从采样地A到采样地I,微生物丰度和微生物环状支链的磷脂酸(Cy)及其前体(Pre)之间的比值(Cy/Pre)逐渐降低,微生物丰度约降低28%,Cy/Pre比值由0.99下降到0.19,说明水淹频率增加,微生物受氧气和酸的胁迫作用减弱;表层土壤氧化还原电位和总有机碳含量随着水淹频率增加也逐渐降低,从采样地A到采样地I,氧化还原电位由82.5 m V下降到-71 m V,表明氧化还原环境从弱氧化向还原过渡,总有机碳质量比由35.09 g/kg下降到12.3 g/kg;土壤总无机碳含量和p H从采样地A到采样地I逐渐增大,总无机碳质量比由0.95 g/kg上升到1.64 g/kg,p H由5.37上升到7.52,土壤从酸性向中性过渡;土壤电导率差异较大,11月20日土壤电导率最大(3.61 m S/cm),其次是8月20日(2.69 m S/cm),5月20日电导率最小(1.53 m S/cm)。从高潮滩到中潮滩,随着水淹频率增加,短叶茳芏生物量(尤其地下部分),微生物丰度、土壤总有机碳含量和土壤氧化还原电位降低,土壤p H和总无机碳含量升高;不同采样日的土壤电导率变化规律不一致,土壤容重无明显变化。The field study was carried out in the Min River estuarine wetland, and nine flood frequency field（sites A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I） were established along flood frequency（high tidal flat to middle tidal flat）. The soil p H, electrical conductivity, bulk density, total organic carbon and total inorganic carbon were determined in May 20 th, August 20 th and November 20 th, 2013, and the oxidation-reduction potential were determined in May 20 th and August 20 th, 2013. Moreover, the above-and below-ground plant biomass at site A, site E, and site I in May 20 th and November 20 th and the microbial community of structure at site A and site I in August20 th were also investigated. The result showed that above-ground biomass at site A was significantly lower than those of the site E and site I in early growth period（n=3,p0.05）, while aboveground biomass at site A were significantly higher than site I plot in late growth period（n=3,p0.05）, and the below-ground biomass at site A was significantly higher than that of the site I in early and late growth period. Bacterial abundance and the ratio of phospholipid fatty acids of microbial branched chain and its starter unit were gradually decreased from site A to site I, and the bacterial abundance decreased about 28%, furthermore, the ratio of phospholipid fatty acids of microbial branched chain and its starter unit were also fallen from 0.99 to 0.19, which indicated that microorganisms＇ stresses were slowed down by oxygen and acid with the increasing of flood frequency.Soil oxidation-reduction potential and total organic carbon were decreased with increasing flood frequency,and oxidation-reduction potential fallen from 82.5 to-71 m V, and the total organic carbon was fallen from35.09 to 12.3 g/kg from site A to site I, which indicated that redox environment gradually transited from weak oxidation to reduction. Conversely, total inorganic carbon and p H were gradually increased from site A to site I, and total inorganic carbon was increased from 0.95 to 1.64

关 键 词：生物因子 非生物因子 水淹频率 闽江河口 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学] S153[生物学—普通生物学]