除草剂苄嘧磺隆对盐碱化沼泽芦苇生长及土壤酶活性影响的实验研究  

Effects of Herbicide Bensulfuron-methyl on Growth of Reed and Activities of Enzymes in Soil in Salinizated Marshes

作　　者：严岩[1,2] 文波龙[2] 徐惠风[1] 宋红丽[3] 张彦[2] 杨艳丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学中药材学院,吉林长春130118 [2]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [3]临沂大学,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《湿地科学》2016年第1期117-121,共5页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101469)资助

摘　　要：分布于松嫩平原西部大型灌区的内陆盐碱化沼泽在农田退水的水资源利用与农业非点源污染控制中起着非常重要的作用,但是,农田退水中残留的除草剂对盐碱化沼泽的影响尚不明晰。2014年7~9月,在松嫩平原西部盐碱化沼泽集中分布区,通过大田模拟实验,研究芦苇（Phragmites australis）对稻田退水中除草剂苄嘧磺隆的生态响应特征,比较不同苄嘧磺隆浓度下湿地土壤酶活性的变化。结果表明,在不同苄嘧磺隆添加量（0.009 9 g/m2、0.019 9 g/m2和0.039 8 g/m2）处理下,7~9月芦苇株高和茎粗都未受显著抑制,且与对照处理相比,株高分别增高15.37%、13.13%和11.48%,茎粗分别增加7.7%、0.7%和11.2%;芦苇干质量波动变化;但芦苇叶片的可溶性糖含量显著降低;光合特性方面,随着苄嘧磺隆含量的增加,芦苇叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率都未显著减小,仅胞间CO2浓度在高添加量苄嘧磺隆处理下显著高于对照处理;而苄嘧磺隆对土壤各种酶活性的影响存在差异,未对土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性产生显著抑制,且在高添加量苄嘧磺隆处理下还激活了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性。在淹水深度为15 cm的实验条件下,在苄嘧磺隆添加量≤0.039 8 g/m2的处理下,盐碱沼泽中的芦苇和土壤酶活性未表现出显著的毒理风险。The inland salinizated marshes, which distribute in the large-scale irrigation area in the west of the Songnen Plain, plays a key role in the water resources utilization of the return water of irrigation and pollution control of agricultural non-point source. But the effects of residual herbicide in the return water of irrigation on the salinizated marshes are still not clear. Therefore, the field experiment was conducted in the salinizated marshes in the west of the Songnen Plain from July to September, 2014, to study the ecological responding characteristics of reed（Phragmites australis） to herbicide bensulfuron-methyl in the return water of irrigation.The soil activities of enzymes in the soil under different application rates（0.009 9 g/m2, 0.019 9 g/m2and0.039 8 g/m2） of the herbicide were compared simultaneously. The results showed that the growth of reed was not significantly inhibited under different application rates of bensulfuron-methyl. Compared with the control treatment（application rates of bensulfuron-methyl is zero）, the increment of the reed height increased 89.36%,70.02% and 52.7% respectively and stem diameter increased 7.7%, 0.7% and 11.2% respectively. The dry weight of reed was fluctuated change. Contents of soluble sugar in the reed leaves decreased significantly compared with that of control treatment. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the reed leaves did not decrease significantly with the increase of application rates of bensulfuron-methyl.The intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly higher than that of control treatment only under the high application rates of bensulfuron-methyl. The effects of bensulfuron-methyl on the activities of enzymes in the soil were different, and the activities of catalase and invertase in the soil were not significantly inhibited, but that of alkaline phosphatase was activated by high application rates of bensulfuron-methyl. Therefore, there was no significant toxicological risk on the growth of reed a

关 键 词：苄嘧磺隆 芦苇 土壤酶 盐碱化沼泽 

分 类 号：S482.44[农业科学—农药学] S481.9[农业科学—植物保护]