苏联处置远东华人问题的历史考察(1937-1938)  

A Historical Investigation into the Soviet Union's Management of the Chinese Question in the Far East,1937—1938

作　　者：尹广明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《近代史研究》2016年第2期39-55,160,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：1937年底至1938年上半年,苏联以巩固边防安全为由,清肃远东地区"不可靠"民族,半年内罗织罪名抓捕中国人1万余名,远东华人群体为之震怖。中国驻苏使领机构要求停止滥捕,但苏联态度强硬。中方虽与苏方进行了艰苦交涉,但时值全面抗战爆发不久,国民政府渴望获得苏联援助,故在交涉过程中投鼠忌器,亦未向国内媒体透露苏联在远东排华之事。为尽量减少华侨所遭痛苦,最后只得寻求妥协办法。不过,经两国交涉,且因国际形势变化,苏方态度有所软化,并最终下令停止从远东地区强迫迁移中国人,准许他们"自愿"迁往新疆,但这种所谓"自愿"迁移本质上依然带有强制性。已被定罪的华人多数并未因中苏交涉而被释放,其中更有3000多人被处决。From the end of 1937 through the first half of 1938,the Soviet Union,under the pretext of consolidating the security of its borders,began clearing out 'unreliable'groups in its Far East region. It cooked up charges and,in half a year,arrested more than 10,000 Chinese people. The Chinese community in the Far East was terribly shaken. Chinese representatives in the Soviet Union demanded that the Soviet government stop these uncontrolled arrests,but the Soviet attitude remained unyielding. Though China entered difficult negotiations with the Soviet Union,because it had not been long since the outbreak of total war in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the Nationalist government longed for support from the Soviet Union. Therefore,it held back during the course of negotiations over the arrests,and it also refrained from disclosing the Soviet Union's anti-Chinese actions in the Far East to the domestic media. In order to decrease the sufferings of overseas Chinese,the Nationalist government was ultimately forced to compromise. However,because of the negotiations and changes in the international situation,the Soviet Union's attitude softened somewhat. It finally issued orders to stop the forced migration of Chinese from the Far East and allowed them to 'voluntarily'migrate to Xinjiang.However,this so-called 'voluntary'migration was actually still mandatory.

关 键 词：远东华人 内务人民委员部 中苏交涉 

分 类 号：K512.53[历史地理—历史学] K265[历史地理—世界史]