城镇燃气管道典型事故案例保护层分析  

Layers of protection analysis for typical accidents of urban gas pipelines

作　　者：于红红[1] 王德国[1] 张华兵[2] 杨玉锋[2] 冯明洋 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京) [2]中国石油管道科技研究中心 [3]西南石油大学

出　　处：《油气储运》2016年第3期254-258,共5页Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation

基　　金：质检公益性行业科研专项资助"城镇燃气聚乙烯管道安全状况模糊评价方法研究";201310159;中国石油天然气股份公司科技专项"管道风险评价深化与管道判废处置技术研究";2014B-3415

摘　　要：为实现对城镇燃气管道风险因素的定量评价,以美国城镇燃气管网典型管道泄漏火灾、爆炸事故为例,应用保护层分析方法,确定了事故场景,辨识事故场景的起始事件、中间事件和结果事件,建立了独立保护层模型,找到了引发事故的根本原因。以此为基础,利用保护层模型分析后果事件的发生概率,提出了一种完整的城镇燃气管道失效及风险评估的半定量分析方法。研究表明:应用保护层分析方法可以有效地进行事故分析,为事故预防和控制提供指导;基于保护层失效概率的半定量风险评价方法,可为管道风险评价、风险预警、风险决策及制定事故应急预案等提供科学依据和方法指导,具有重要的工程应用价值。To quantitatively assess risk factors for urban gas pipelines, layers of protection analysis（LOPA） is made on some typical leakage, fire and explosion accidents of urban gas pipelines in the United States. Through clarifying accident scenarios, and identifying initial events, intermediate events and resulting events of accident scenario, independent layers of protection（LOP） model is established to highlight root causes for such accidents. On this basis, possibility of consequential events is determined with the LOP model, and then a complete semi-quantitative analysis technique is proposed for failure and risk assessments of urban gas pipelines. The results show that LOPA can be used to effectively analyze relevant accidents and thereby provide necessary guidance for prevention and control of such accidents. Moreover, the semiquantitative risk assessment technique based on failure possibility of layer of protection can provide scientific supports and guidance for risk assessment, risk warning, decision making and preparation of emergency plans for relevant pipelines. The technique is worthy of engineering application.

关 键 词：城镇燃气管道 泄漏 保护层分析方法 风险评价 

分 类 号：TE88[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]